As I was reading through chapter 11 of the textbook, which covered the topic of “Designing Interfaces and Dialogues”, I had developed a new-found understanding of why it auditors take user interface design as a serious auditing matter. The primary reason for auditors getting involved in user interface design is because there is a relationship between the complexity of user interfaces systems and the performance of business processes that require the use of these systems. This is why, in both the textbook and in Lanter’s journal entry, there is an emphasis on how user-centric user interface design can help meet user expectations and streamline business processes for both, those familiar and those unfamiliar with the information system’s programming. Both Chapter 11 and Chapter 10, which discussed “designing forms and reports”, cover in incredible detail various reasons on why auditors should be concerned in regards to the accessibility and security features present in the design of produced forms and reports, and human-computer interfaces. To that end, both chapters provide very helpful guidelines and examples to help aid future auditors in ensuring that the designs remain user-centric and security compliant.
IT auditor would make sure the conduction of user acceptance testing of user interface design as well as reviewing the documentation of it.
IT auditor would also ensure the validity of entering batches of data records by creating an audit trail.
IT auditor would review the design of the errors and warning messages which could ensure the security of the system such as access control, and an example would be password can be only entered wrong for three times which is the company’s internal policy or the industry best practice. Therefore, IT auditor would also review the user interface design to ensure the company’s policy compliance.
User Interface design is the most important assets of the modern enterprise. Whether it’s a website for the public or internal employees, a customer-facing app or a core business application, User interface is where and how work gets done. The success of an application, and its return on investment, depends on how well it is learned and adopted. Regardless of how a digital product is originated, it is always important to assess the quality of its user interface as part of IT Audits.
Like a financial audit, a UI audit is a detailed, independent and objective assessment that measures how well a user interface meets standards and practices for usability, accessibility, design and human-computer interaction. Areas of analysis may include content readability, layout consistency and data visualization clarity, to name a few.
Hi, Deepa,
Great thoughts on the relationship between IT auditors and user interface design. I agree with your idea that IT auditors need to access the quality of the company’s user interface, to make an assessment about whether it meets the standards and really help the users interact with the system.
IT Auditor’s job is to ensure the information system works as it intended to with a minimum security risk. User Interface design is very related to the system interface and IT auditor needs to make sure a user without any authority of the system to not get any important information by just clicking around the interface and find critical information. Also, IT Auditor’s job is to maximize the efficiency and performance of the interface design. Knowing where and what the user is most interested in should help the user interface designer to design more efficiently.
Efficiency and performance are essential and based auditors role. User Interface Design helps auditor easily understand the organization entities and their relationship, which would give auditors a chance to minimize time to understand information system organization. In addition, auditors are not professional application designer and they probably do not know the organization of the specific application. User Interface provide a chance to let auditors enter and check the system.
IT Auditing has a very distinct role in the User Interface Design Process. The IT Auditor would “audit” the design aspects of the external interface and internal database of an Information System. Through review of the external features verses the requirements elicited from stakeholders the IT auditor can confirm the design. However, if a critical requirement is missing, the auditor can also address that. The analysis of the internal database will be more detail oriented. Through the review of the database the IT Auditor could recognize missing tables, attributes, relationships which would affect the functionality/design of the external interface. Overall, the IT Auditors main role is to analyze and control the risks associated with an organizations information systems. Through the stated review of the internal and external aspects they can find issues/risk before major incidents occur. Thus fulfilling their role within an organization and in the user interface design process.
I green with your idea. The audit should be involved in the system design. They can provide some practical experience in the design process. Also, in the organizations, during the development process to improve the values of experience, culture, and effective.
When someone asks me what IT Auditors do, I typically tell them “if someone claims they did A, B, and C, auditors will ensure that they did do A, B and C.” I think your analysis is pretty spot on regarding what an auditor’s role during UI design should look like, and I liked that you mentioned the review of database to tie in what we did last week. Auditors need to be fairly detail oriented and inquisitive in order to provide useful feedback, so to ensure that the design functions as intended.
IT auditing is information system auditing. It is a third party independent of the information system itself, information system related development and use personnel. IT auditors use objective criteria to complete the related activities and products of information system planning, development, use and maintenance. Effective inspection and evaluation.
IT audits are divided into business plan audits, business development audits, business execution audits, and business maintenance audits, as well as common business audits covering the entire information system cycle, according to the life cycle of the information system.
The business development audit reviews the activities, information, and intermediates of the relevant personnel at all stages of the development of the information system to confirm the normativeness, effectiveness, and pertinence of these activities, information, and intermediates. In the meantime, auditors need to focus on whether the system goals have a good user interface design and can adjust targets during this time.
The business maintenance audit reviews and evaluates the maintenance activities and maintenance results of the information system. Discover the various vulnerabilities that may arise during maintenance and the problems that need to be improved in the maintenance of information systems. During this period, auditors are also required to pay attention to the various problems encountered in the design of the user interface, to determine whether the design meets the needs of the user, whether it is reasonable and effective, and to implement audit evaluation for the problem. The results of the review will play an important role in the later maintenance and adjustment of the design.
After reading the articles and textbook, I think the design process must balance technical functional and visual elements to create a system that is not only operational but also usable and adaptable to changing user need.
User interface design facilitates finishing the task at hand without drawing unnecessary attention to itself. It is utilized to support its usability.
Like performing a financial audit, effectively and efficiently assessing digital experiences requires specialized expertise. The outputs of a UI audit include a report of findings, prioritized recommendations. While a UI audit is a highly recommended first step to identify key areas of focus. IT auditor should review the design of the errors and warning messages that ensure the security of the system. Also, It auditor will be making some reports, creates an audit trail, and forms.
I like your ideas. IT auditor review the design and need to know purpose, user flows, and content. IT auditor need to have a clear measure. A good and successful interface should have a clear purpose, should be user-friendly so that each user can navigate it easily, be pleasing to the eye, and provide the right and much-needed information to the visitor.
A good user interface design should be focused on the end user experience, making it easy and convenient to complete a certain set of tasks. User interface must be designed to bring together different aspects of the system, like information architecture and input/output design, existing in a simple, cohesive interface. For the IT Auditor, obtaining documented requirements and understanding what the business processes and security are in regards to the technology is imperative for proper reviews to ensure there are certain controls that can be implemented in order to improve integrity within the system.
Hello,
After reading through your response on how the field of IT auditing and user interface design correlate, I developed a better understanding for all the aspects that intertwine the two. Ultimately, the goal of both fields working together is to create a secure and efficient user interface experience that serves to improve overall performance and functionality of database systems. From your response, I can tell that you took an interest in User-Centered User Interface Design and all the benefits it provides over traditional user interface design, which instead prioritized representing software functionality over user experience.
Hi Sarah, I can also noted that the IT auditors main role is reviewing the documentation and requirements that the stakeholders communicated to the BA’s. In an audit role, it is their job to ensure that the end product matches the requirements. In addition, I like how you added the necessity for security. Security is often forgotten until the end. Therefore making that a forefront is a key job for auditors.
IT auditors are supposed to be qualified to audit the many different aspects of IT includes systems, networks, databases and encryption. For a user interface design, it needs both technical and creative skills to create intuitive products based on devices, software, website and apps to improve users’ experience and reduce future spending.
Because the importance of the user interface design, the user interface design becomes a focus in the IT auditing process. Auditors need to review all relevant aspects and determine whether user interface is designed to have all necessary functions and provide opinions. To be more precise, auditors audit the general provisions of interface specifications from the representation design considerations. Interface consistency specification also needs to be audited including the representation of the same information, layout rationalization, mouse and keyboard corresponding requirements, and button naming conventions. Also, auditors also audit the system responding time. After all the aspects are audited, auditors should provide opinions on the audit materials including the risks they find associated with user interface as well as the recommended resolve solution.
Hi Yuqing, I agree with you that auditors need to review all relevant aspects and determine whether the user interface is designed to have all the necessary functions and provide opinions. I also mentioned that it is important for the auditors to understand the purpose of the user interface before they start the auditing.
A good interface design gives some pitfalls were in the initial design. For example, a little change in the shape of a button that has the function to expand information can give assistance to users to understand what they need to do and how to do. For auditors, a good interface design can help him save to understand how to do his auditing job, which makes the auditing job more effectively.
I believe that for IT auditors the user interface design would also be a critical area for them to look at. When the IT auditor reviews the application, they need to actually use the application by themselves and see whether there are any vulnerabilities. Before doing that, they need to understand the organization’s business process, the industry it belongs to and the main users. If the application is face to many users, for example, online banking or e-commerce, the user interface design would be more important. On the other hand, if the application is used by a few employees in the organization, the user interface design would be comparatively less important for IT auditors to look at.
Hi Ryu,
Good point on the importance of user interface design for different scenarios. I agree that it is very important for IT auditor to work carefully for the user interface that will be used by the mass amount of people while it is less important for the user interface design when only a few people are using them. Basically, knowing the most user-interested area is what the major IT auditor and user interface design relationship is.
A user interface design audit is a detailed assessment that measures how well a user interface meets standards for usability, accessibility and human-computer interaction. As with any audit in an organization, a user interface design audit should require experienced IT auditors to assess the interface design and present recommendations for better user satisfaction and acceptance.
we pretty much made a same point, A IT auditor will help users to improve its user interface design and functionality, A good IT auditor could even make user interface easier to use.
User Interface Design helps auditors reviewing of business and user objectives, conversion metrics, customer care data, sales data, engagement, mental modeling , wireframing and prototyping. User interface Design can be used to answer some profound questions:
What is working, and what is not?
Which metrics are collected and which should be collected?
What does the data tell you about user needs?
What has already been tried, and what impact did it have on metrics?
Hi, yuan
Great post! You summarised the relationship between IT auditing and user interface design very well, and I would say that it is great you mentioned about what has already been tried, which could save the company a lot of resources and effort if those changes are documented properly.
I like your ideas of IT auditors’ responsibilities. I think IT auditors have to determine whether the user interface design have any vulnerabilities and impracticability for end users. If the vulnerabilities and impracticability exist, there must be some problems resulting from users’ operation. Therefore, it’s very important for IT auditors to test the user interface in the audit process.
Good points Yuan. As an IT auditor asking the right questions is very important during the interviews. When I was reading an article about user centered design phases, I came across the below listed interesting points which helps auditors to ask right questions:
– First phase of user-centered design is to identify target users and to determine why, how and in which context they would use the interface.
– The next phase of user-centered design is determining what requirements of the user interface should be met to satisfy the needs of the target users. When the goals and requirements are clear, design solutions can be created in phase three. It often makes sense to create a few satisfactory alternatives using a prototyping tool, for example, and to choose the best one.
– The final phase of the user-centered design is user testing. This phase allows web developers to evaluate the concept, select the best design option, eliminate usability flaws, reiterate the design and improve user experience. https://pidoco.com/en/help/ux/user-centered-design
As an IT Auditor, it is important that:
– The UI does not allow users to access information that they do not have access to.
– The system collects the correct metrics with the UI.
– The system is free of bugs, glitches, and anything else that might deter the user from the best possible experience.
– The system is sufficiently tested by users in order to prevent any issues upon launch.
– Make sure every function of the system is operating as efficiently as possible
– Make sure the system’s response time is efficient
You have identified great points above. I definitely overlooked the fact that during the user interface audit, the IT Auditor should make sure that users do not have access to information that is restricted. Now, to add to your points, I believe it is important for an IT auditor to understand the current and target users in order to locate existing usability issues and anything that prevents the users from completing their duties/objectives.
The user interface is about the relationship between the user and the system. It focuses primarily on the interaction and accessibility of the system while the IT Audit creates a system of controls. The IT Auditor audits the system and provides suggestions about improving the design and provide a baseline of what the system can and cannot be. They also collect metrics about the data, to consistently improve the accessibility of the UI.
IT auditors have the ability to turn off unused activities in the application makes the user interface cleaner and easier to follow. After seeing the information and actions, IT auditors can make the application even easier to use
A IT auditor will help users to improve its user interface design and functionality according to latest market trends and end-user needs.
IT auditors make the users obtaining New features and products, on the other hand.
Imran Jordan Kharabsheh says
As I was reading through chapter 11 of the textbook, which covered the topic of “Designing Interfaces and Dialogues”, I had developed a new-found understanding of why it auditors take user interface design as a serious auditing matter. The primary reason for auditors getting involved in user interface design is because there is a relationship between the complexity of user interfaces systems and the performance of business processes that require the use of these systems. This is why, in both the textbook and in Lanter’s journal entry, there is an emphasis on how user-centric user interface design can help meet user expectations and streamline business processes for both, those familiar and those unfamiliar with the information system’s programming. Both Chapter 11 and Chapter 10, which discussed “designing forms and reports”, cover in incredible detail various reasons on why auditors should be concerned in regards to the accessibility and security features present in the design of produced forms and reports, and human-computer interfaces. To that end, both chapters provide very helpful guidelines and examples to help aid future auditors in ensuring that the designs remain user-centric and security compliant.
Shuyue Ding says
IT auditor would make sure the conduction of user acceptance testing of user interface design as well as reviewing the documentation of it.
IT auditor would also ensure the validity of entering batches of data records by creating an audit trail.
IT auditor would review the design of the errors and warning messages which could ensure the security of the system such as access control, and an example would be password can be only entered wrong for three times which is the company’s internal policy or the industry best practice. Therefore, IT auditor would also review the user interface design to ensure the company’s policy compliance.
Deepa Kuppuswamy says
User Interface design is the most important assets of the modern enterprise. Whether it’s a website for the public or internal employees, a customer-facing app or a core business application, User interface is where and how work gets done. The success of an application, and its return on investment, depends on how well it is learned and adopted. Regardless of how a digital product is originated, it is always important to assess the quality of its user interface as part of IT Audits.
Like a financial audit, a UI audit is a detailed, independent and objective assessment that measures how well a user interface meets standards and practices for usability, accessibility, design and human-computer interaction. Areas of analysis may include content readability, layout consistency and data visualization clarity, to name a few.
Penghui Ai says
Hi, Deepa,
Great thoughts on the relationship between IT auditors and user interface design. I agree with your idea that IT auditors need to access the quality of the company’s user interface, to make an assessment about whether it meets the standards and really help the users interact with the system.
Yuchong Wang says
IT Auditor’s job is to ensure the information system works as it intended to with a minimum security risk. User Interface design is very related to the system interface and IT auditor needs to make sure a user without any authority of the system to not get any important information by just clicking around the interface and find critical information. Also, IT Auditor’s job is to maximize the efficiency and performance of the interface design. Knowing where and what the user is most interested in should help the user interface designer to design more efficiently.
Yuan Liu says
Efficiency and performance are essential and based auditors role. User Interface Design helps auditor easily understand the organization entities and their relationship, which would give auditors a chance to minimize time to understand information system organization. In addition, auditors are not professional application designer and they probably do not know the organization of the specific application. User Interface provide a chance to let auditors enter and check the system.
Alexander Reichart-Anderson says
IT Auditing has a very distinct role in the User Interface Design Process. The IT Auditor would “audit” the design aspects of the external interface and internal database of an Information System. Through review of the external features verses the requirements elicited from stakeholders the IT auditor can confirm the design. However, if a critical requirement is missing, the auditor can also address that. The analysis of the internal database will be more detail oriented. Through the review of the database the IT Auditor could recognize missing tables, attributes, relationships which would affect the functionality/design of the external interface. Overall, the IT Auditors main role is to analyze and control the risks associated with an organizations information systems. Through the stated review of the internal and external aspects they can find issues/risk before major incidents occur. Thus fulfilling their role within an organization and in the user interface design process.
Zhu Li says
I green with your idea. The audit should be involved in the system design. They can provide some practical experience in the design process. Also, in the organizations, during the development process to improve the values of experience, culture, and effective.
Sarah Puffen says
When someone asks me what IT Auditors do, I typically tell them “if someone claims they did A, B, and C, auditors will ensure that they did do A, B and C.” I think your analysis is pretty spot on regarding what an auditor’s role during UI design should look like, and I liked that you mentioned the review of database to tie in what we did last week. Auditors need to be fairly detail oriented and inquisitive in order to provide useful feedback, so to ensure that the design functions as intended.
Feng Gao says
IT auditing is information system auditing. It is a third party independent of the information system itself, information system related development and use personnel. IT auditors use objective criteria to complete the related activities and products of information system planning, development, use and maintenance. Effective inspection and evaluation.
IT audits are divided into business plan audits, business development audits, business execution audits, and business maintenance audits, as well as common business audits covering the entire information system cycle, according to the life cycle of the information system.
The business development audit reviews the activities, information, and intermediates of the relevant personnel at all stages of the development of the information system to confirm the normativeness, effectiveness, and pertinence of these activities, information, and intermediates. In the meantime, auditors need to focus on whether the system goals have a good user interface design and can adjust targets during this time.
The business maintenance audit reviews and evaluates the maintenance activities and maintenance results of the information system. Discover the various vulnerabilities that may arise during maintenance and the problems that need to be improved in the maintenance of information systems. During this period, auditors are also required to pay attention to the various problems encountered in the design of the user interface, to determine whether the design meets the needs of the user, whether it is reasonable and effective, and to implement audit evaluation for the problem. The results of the review will play an important role in the later maintenance and adjustment of the design.
Zhu Li says
After reading the articles and textbook, I think the design process must balance technical functional and visual elements to create a system that is not only operational but also usable and adaptable to changing user need.
User interface design facilitates finishing the task at hand without drawing unnecessary attention to itself. It is utilized to support its usability.
Like performing a financial audit, effectively and efficiently assessing digital experiences requires specialized expertise. The outputs of a UI audit include a report of findings, prioritized recommendations. While a UI audit is a highly recommended first step to identify key areas of focus. IT auditor should review the design of the errors and warning messages that ensure the security of the system. Also, It auditor will be making some reports, creates an audit trail, and forms.
Feng Gao says
I like your ideas. IT auditor review the design and need to know purpose, user flows, and content. IT auditor need to have a clear measure. A good and successful interface should have a clear purpose, should be user-friendly so that each user can navigate it easily, be pleasing to the eye, and provide the right and much-needed information to the visitor.
Sarah Puffen says
A good user interface design should be focused on the end user experience, making it easy and convenient to complete a certain set of tasks. User interface must be designed to bring together different aspects of the system, like information architecture and input/output design, existing in a simple, cohesive interface. For the IT Auditor, obtaining documented requirements and understanding what the business processes and security are in regards to the technology is imperative for proper reviews to ensure there are certain controls that can be implemented in order to improve integrity within the system.
Imran Jordan Kharabsheh says
Hello,
After reading through your response on how the field of IT auditing and user interface design correlate, I developed a better understanding for all the aspects that intertwine the two. Ultimately, the goal of both fields working together is to create a secure and efficient user interface experience that serves to improve overall performance and functionality of database systems. From your response, I can tell that you took an interest in User-Centered User Interface Design and all the benefits it provides over traditional user interface design, which instead prioritized representing software functionality over user experience.
Alexander Reichart-Anderson says
Hi Sarah, I can also noted that the IT auditors main role is reviewing the documentation and requirements that the stakeholders communicated to the BA’s. In an audit role, it is their job to ensure that the end product matches the requirements. In addition, I like how you added the necessity for security. Security is often forgotten until the end. Therefore making that a forefront is a key job for auditors.
Haixin Sun says
IT auditors are supposed to be qualified to audit the many different aspects of IT includes systems, networks, databases and encryption. For a user interface design, it needs both technical and creative skills to create intuitive products based on devices, software, website and apps to improve users’ experience and reduce future spending.
Yuqing Tang says
Because the importance of the user interface design, the user interface design becomes a focus in the IT auditing process. Auditors need to review all relevant aspects and determine whether user interface is designed to have all necessary functions and provide opinions. To be more precise, auditors audit the general provisions of interface specifications from the representation design considerations. Interface consistency specification also needs to be audited including the representation of the same information, layout rationalization, mouse and keyboard corresponding requirements, and button naming conventions. Also, auditors also audit the system responding time. After all the aspects are audited, auditors should provide opinions on the audit materials including the risks they find associated with user interface as well as the recommended resolve solution.
Ryu Takatsuki says
Hi Yuqing, I agree with you that auditors need to review all relevant aspects and determine whether the user interface is designed to have all the necessary functions and provide opinions. I also mentioned that it is important for the auditors to understand the purpose of the user interface before they start the auditing.
Penghui Ai says
A good interface design gives some pitfalls were in the initial design. For example, a little change in the shape of a button that has the function to expand information can give assistance to users to understand what they need to do and how to do. For auditors, a good interface design can help him save to understand how to do his auditing job, which makes the auditing job more effectively.
Mei X Wang says
Hi Penghui, I like how you expressed the importance of user design, even a small change can make so much of an impact for that system.
Ryu Takatsuki says
I believe that for IT auditors the user interface design would also be a critical area for them to look at. When the IT auditor reviews the application, they need to actually use the application by themselves and see whether there are any vulnerabilities. Before doing that, they need to understand the organization’s business process, the industry it belongs to and the main users. If the application is face to many users, for example, online banking or e-commerce, the user interface design would be more important. On the other hand, if the application is used by a few employees in the organization, the user interface design would be comparatively less important for IT auditors to look at.
Yuchong Wang says
Hi Ryu,
Good point on the importance of user interface design for different scenarios. I agree that it is very important for IT auditor to work carefully for the user interface that will be used by the mass amount of people while it is less important for the user interface design when only a few people are using them. Basically, knowing the most user-interested area is what the major IT auditor and user interface design relationship is.
Raisa Ahmed says
A user interface design audit is a detailed assessment that measures how well a user interface meets standards for usability, accessibility and human-computer interaction. As with any audit in an organization, a user interface design audit should require experienced IT auditors to assess the interface design and present recommendations for better user satisfaction and acceptance.
Xinye Yang says
Hey Raisa
we pretty much made a same point, A IT auditor will help users to improve its user interface design and functionality, A good IT auditor could even make user interface easier to use.
Yuan Liu says
User Interface Design helps auditors reviewing of business and user objectives, conversion metrics, customer care data, sales data, engagement, mental modeling , wireframing and prototyping. User interface Design can be used to answer some profound questions:
What is working, and what is not?
Which metrics are collected and which should be collected?
What does the data tell you about user needs?
What has already been tried, and what impact did it have on metrics?
Shuyue Ding says
Hi, yuan
Great post! You summarised the relationship between IT auditing and user interface design very well, and I would say that it is great you mentioned about what has already been tried, which could save the company a lot of resources and effort if those changes are documented properly.
Yuqing Tang says
I like your ideas of IT auditors’ responsibilities. I think IT auditors have to determine whether the user interface design have any vulnerabilities and impracticability for end users. If the vulnerabilities and impracticability exist, there must be some problems resulting from users’ operation. Therefore, it’s very important for IT auditors to test the user interface in the audit process.
Deepa Kuppuswamy says
Good points Yuan. As an IT auditor asking the right questions is very important during the interviews. When I was reading an article about user centered design phases, I came across the below listed interesting points which helps auditors to ask right questions:
– First phase of user-centered design is to identify target users and to determine why, how and in which context they would use the interface.
– The next phase of user-centered design is determining what requirements of the user interface should be met to satisfy the needs of the target users. When the goals and requirements are clear, design solutions can be created in phase three. It often makes sense to create a few satisfactory alternatives using a prototyping tool, for example, and to choose the best one.
– The final phase of the user-centered design is user testing. This phase allows web developers to evaluate the concept, select the best design option, eliminate usability flaws, reiterate the design and improve user experience.
https://pidoco.com/en/help/ux/user-centered-design
Haixin Sun says
Hi, I like your post and your example questions. It explained the relationship between IT auditing and user interface design so well.
Panayiotis Laskaridis says
As an IT Auditor, it is important that:
– The UI does not allow users to access information that they do not have access to.
– The system collects the correct metrics with the UI.
– The system is free of bugs, glitches, and anything else that might deter the user from the best possible experience.
– The system is sufficiently tested by users in order to prevent any issues upon launch.
– Make sure every function of the system is operating as efficiently as possible
– Make sure the system’s response time is efficient
Raisa Ahmed says
You have identified great points above. I definitely overlooked the fact that during the user interface audit, the IT Auditor should make sure that users do not have access to information that is restricted. Now, to add to your points, I believe it is important for an IT auditor to understand the current and target users in order to locate existing usability issues and anything that prevents the users from completing their duties/objectives.
Mei X Wang says
The user interface is about the relationship between the user and the system. It focuses primarily on the interaction and accessibility of the system while the IT Audit creates a system of controls. The IT Auditor audits the system and provides suggestions about improving the design and provide a baseline of what the system can and cannot be. They also collect metrics about the data, to consistently improve the accessibility of the UI.
Xinye Yang says
IT auditors have the ability to turn off unused activities in the application makes the user interface cleaner and easier to follow. After seeing the information and actions, IT auditors can make the application even easier to use
A IT auditor will help users to improve its user interface design and functionality according to latest market trends and end-user needs.
IT auditors make the users obtaining New features and products, on the other hand.