1.Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
2.The project manager should continually try to identify and assess project risk.The identification of project risk is required to develop PVF’s new Purchasing Fulfillment System. We met to identify and describe possible negative outcomes of the project and their probabilities of occurrence. Although we list the identification of risks and the outline of project scope as two discrete activities, they are highly related and often concurrently discussed.
I think risk in systems analysis and design projects comes from technology, people, and cost. Most of the risks in the project are controllable risks.
The project manager’s approach to risk management in the project management stage is as follows:
1. The project objective is not clear. The first step is to have a solution that designs the project’s goals, defining the project’s overall delivery goals and deliverables at the beginning of the project. Second, it helps the project team make it obvious that the details of their responsibilities are aligned with the goals of the project. If the project members do not understand the goals, it will inevitably lead to a number of problems. Improve the transparency of project management by defining project objectives and communicating them to each project member.
2. Risk response. The earlier the risks are identified, the more likely the project manager and project team members are to develop strategies to overcome these risks. In addition, identifying risks early can reduce the cost of project delivery and increase the feasibility of project delivery. Therefore, the project manager should identify potential risks in the project early on through communication or monitoring of progress.
Standardized strategy: Project managers and project team members can reduce costs and improve work efficiency by creating standard processes. However, not all processes will be able to run properly at the start of the project. Therefore, the standardized process of the project must have room for growth and be able to adapt to the changes of the project.
4. The project schedule is not transparent. The project manager can release the project status or relevant information and track the progress of the project through the corresponding system.
1.The sources of risk in a system analysis and design project includes:
• Poor planning
• Lacking or fuzzy project ownership
• The lack of a business case
• No explanation of the project’s affiliation with, and effect on, the corporate architecture
• Inadequate preparation, which leads to a project that solves the wrong problem or solves the right problem in the wrong way
2.Project manager can
•Limit the number of projects that can be executed at a time, and start new projects cautiously.
•Manage the development of detailed evaluation project standards.
• Keep technology compatible with company structure
•Management aligns the project with strategic goals.
• effectively manage the overall organization; a comprehensive understanding of the project, to maintain efficient scheduling efficiency
I think the risks in systems analysis and design projects come from people, technology, and cost, which are uncontrollable factors. Risks may arise due to the construction of the system or team members’ lack of experience in the technology or business domain, the use of new technology, potential user resistance to change, availability of key resources, competitive responses, or changes in regulatory measures
Project manager should have a solution that designs the project goals and defines the project’s overall delivery goals and deliverable at the beginning of the project, improve transparency in project management by defining project objectives and communicating them to each project member. And the project manager should identify potential risks in the project early by communicating or monitoring progress. In addition, it is another good choice to reduce costs and improve productivity by creating standard processes.
1、.Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
2、Project manager should continually try to identify,assess project risk,and describe possible
negative outcomes of the project and their probabilities of occurrence.
In a system analysis and design project, the sources of risk are coming from :
1. Analyzing the nature of the problem from the beginning of the boundary and structure of the problem is not clear and there are many problems, the nature of the solution is also a great degree of uncertainty.
2. The solution proposed by the system analyst is artificial and has certain limitations.
3. Analytical activities are dynamic. The longer an information system is planned, analyzed, designed, programmed, tested and implemented, the more likely it is that the system cannot adapt to the needs of the company.
4. An analytical solution requires multidisciplinary knowledge and skills.
To cope with the risk during the stages of project management, I will suggest:
1.Problem identification: it is used to find and describe requirements, mainly including functional requirements, performance requirements, environment requirements, reliability requirements, security and confidentiality requirements, user interface requirements, resource usage requirements, software cost consumption and development schedule requirements, so as to estimate the possible goals of the system in advance.
2.Analysis and synthesis: that is, to analyze the problem, and then integrate the solution on this basis. This step is often repeated. The commonly used methods include Structured Analysis (SA) for data flow, Jackson method for data structure, Object Oriented Analysis (OOA), as well as state transfer diagrams and Petri nets for building dynamic models.
3.Prepare documentation of requirements analysis: that is, document description of the identified requirements, which is usually called “requirements specification”.
4.Demand analysis and review: it is the last step of demand analysis work, mainly to evaluate the correctness, integrity and clarity of functions, and other requirements
I think the risks in systems analysis and design projects are as follows
• Poor planning , project purpose is not well-defined
• The technology is not yet proven
• Added workload or time requirements because of new direction,policy,or statute
• Resourses may not be available at the required level
• Lacking or fuzzy project ownership,lack of communication,causing lack of clarity and confusion
• Weather, new system, leads to loss of resourses,materials and some other uncontrollable factors
• The lack of a business case
• No explanation of the project’s affiliation with,and effect on, the corporate architecture
• Inadequate preparation, which leads to a project that solves the wrong problem or solves the right problem in the wrong way.
• The organization sees the project as a solution for all challenges; there are too many projects going on at once, and starting a new project is easy.
• Management lacks criteria to evaluate projects. • Decision makers finance their own pet projects. • Technology is an end in itself; there is a desire
to implement new technologies quickly even if they lead to incompatibilities with the corporate architecture.
• Management lacks a coherent way to align projects with strategic objectives.
• Organizations are unable to manage the totality; the lack of an overall grasp often results in overlaps and inefficient scheduling.
A project manager should do a risk assessment for any project before starting. During this stage the project manager should identify uncertainties, analyze risks, and prioritize risks. Every project will have some form of risk, it could be the weather, lead person changing jobs, a new system not being compatible with other already in place systems and each of these risks should have a decision in place.
1. The risk is that the research and development of the project needs to develop new technologies, but the number of products produced is small, and these technologies and processes are difficult to reach the degree of finalization. Secondly, the development of large-scale projects requires a long time of large-scale organization and coordination, and the long development cycle will also bring uncertainties. The existence of these uncertain factors makes it difficult to complete the project according to the scheduled time, and the cost is much higher than the planned cost. These are the sources of risk in the system analysis and design project.
2. In the project management stage, the project manager should first identify risks, conduct risk perception and analysis, analyze the causes and impacts, and put forward targeted solutions. We should focus on prevention, supplemented by response. Identify the risk as soon as possible and carry out risk aversion, transfer, mitigation and response. Secondly, make project management more transparent, use Gantt chart and other tools to make team members more clear about the progress of the project. Finally, by collecting feedback information and project status from project members, better project strategy can be adjusted in time to achieve the common goal of the project.
Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
PM should continually try to identify sources of project risk, probabilities of occurrence and to estimate the consequences of those risks. When facing a risk, use “eliminate, transfer, reduction, accept” priority is a good choice.
Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
A project manager should continually try to identify and assess project risk. identify and describe possible negative outcomes of the project and their probabilities of occurrence. and prepare a plan to deal with it.
The risk is that the R & D of the project needs to develop new technologies, but the number of products produced is small, and these technologies and processes are difficult to reach the degree of finalization. Secondly, the development of large-scale projects requires a long time of large-scale organization and coordination, and the long development cycle will also bring uncertainty. The existence of these uncertain factors makes it difficult to complete the project on schedule, and the cost is far higher than the planned cost. These are the risk sources in the system analysis and design project.
The use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area cause the risk in a system analysis and design project.
The project manager should try to identify and assess project continually.
System analysis and design project is significant for success. Projects are always easy to start, but hard to finish. The risks of system analysis and design project are often:
● Inadequate preparation and incomplete consideration, which leads to a project that solves the wrong problem or solves the right problem in the wrong way
● Missing roles and rules in the plan and making it impossible to render feasible decisions.
● Poor planning, low design quality leads to repeated design
● Resources cannot be adapted to requirements
● Lacking or fuzzy project ownership
● The lack of a business case
● No explanation of the project’s affiliation with, and effect on, the corporate architecture
● Organizations are unable to manage the totality; the lack of an overall grasp often results in overlaps and inefficient scheduling.
● Management lacks a coherent way to align projects with strategic objectives
How to cope with risks during the stages of project management?
● The project manager conducts effective risk prediction and assessment for the risk status of future project management, mainly based on basic information such as project plan, budget, and progress, focusing on specific project goals, strategies, methods and resources.
● Try to provide sufficient backup measures and buffer space to prevent the project manager from losing control of the project.
● Responding to risks exists in the entire life cycle of the project and continues to be repeated. The project manager must establish standards and measure the progress of the project in stages, adjust and correct them in time.
● The project manager forms the corresponding risk management report through the detection and control of the risk, which is conducive to making effective decisions before the risk occurs and reducing the loss caused by the risk.
● Establish a unified concept and consistent management model
In my opinion, the source of risks in system analysis and design projects is, on the one hand, the risk of development environment, development tools that cannot meet the needs of project products, and external risks such as crowded, disorderly or damaged development facilities. On the other hand, the designed project may not meet the needs of customers, and the redevelopment needs a lot of time and cost, and the cost of all aspects of human and material resources will cause project losses. Poor design quality leads to repeated design, poor code and library quality leads to the need for additional testing to fix bugs or rework, etc.
1. The first step to deal with risks is to identify and assess risks, analyze the causes of their emergence by using chart method, and systematically categorize and comprehensively identify risks. And then try to take the risk, diversify the risk, avoid the risk and transfer the risk.
2. Determining the risks of the project by taking into full, systematic and methodical consideration of all uncertainties and risk factors of the project. By establishing the system model of the risk, the key risks of the project can be found, and it is difficult to determine the individual risk level of the project.
In a system analysis and design project, the sources of its risk can be found which are in the following content :
First of all, the activities were not designed reasonable that the designers of the project ignored some details, such as poor researchs in launching the project in real environment.
In addition, the approaches which were controlled the the process of project management, they were not efficient and useful to reach the goals of designers.
Lastly, the responsible manager with decision-making authority for each functional area were not given a clear definition.
For my perspective, project manager should focus on the modifying the following aspects,
Initially, the manage ought to recheck the existed activities to find out the parts he or she ingored.
Next, promoting the capabilites of the governance of a system so that risks can be prevented or limited in a small scope to influnce.
At last, providing a clear definition to the scopes that the authority of responsible manager decison-making.
The sources of risk include the vulnerability of new technology and tools, resistance of potential users to change, availability of key resources, competitive response or team members’ lack of experience in technology or business field due to system construction.
It is the most important for managers to identify the potential sources of risk, then describe and estimate the possible negative results, determine the probability of occurrence, and make emergency plans for those significant results with high probability in advance.
There are organizational risk and environmental risk in a system analysis and design project. Organizational risk come from the interior, such as management risk, technological risk and financial risk. Environmental risk are from the exterior, such as natural risk and social risk.
To cope with risk, a project manager will set goals, identify and analyze risks, influence risk-decision making, and monitor and review risk responses.
1. There are several risks in a system analysis and design project:
• The organization sees the project as a solution for all challenges;
• Management lacks criteria to evaluate projects.
• Decision makers finance their own pet projects.
• Technology is an end in itself. there is a desire to implement new technologies quickly even if they lead to incompatibilities with the corporate architecture.
• Management lacks a coherent way to align projects with strategic objectives.
the lack of an overall grasp often results in overlaps and inefficient scheduling.
• Poor planning
• Lacking or fuzzy project ownership
• The lack of a business case
• No explanation of the project’s affiliation with, and effect on, the corporate architecture
• Inadequate preparation,
2.there are many ways that can cope with risk during the stages of project management. Firstly, unified concepts and a consistent management model. Secondly, a management process in which the project portfolio has a designated task. Making the suitable schedule is to balance different projects. Thirdly, tools that enable the management and project organizations to communicate the status of planned, current and completed programs.
1. Risks may arise from
(1) the adoption of new technology/software,
(2) users’ resistance to change and lack of skills,
(3) availability of critical financial and human resources (eg. Inexperienced PM),
(4) sloppy schedule and job allocation,
(5) Lack of guide, standards and communication path,
(6) lack of adaption to business needs, etc.
2. A PM should make a risk assessment before starting the project. During this stage the project manager should identify uncertainties, analyze potential risks, and prioritize risks. PM should predict the possible negative results and the probabilities of occurrence of risks and they need to monitor and control the whole process to avoid failure of the project and useless deliverables.
(1) Evaluation of tech feasibility
(2) Make training plan for relevant staffs
(3) Agree with the leadership on resources allocation
(4) Make refined and concrete budget and job allocation for approval
(5) Make detailed guidelines, standards and communication plan
(6) Fully communication with business personnel
1The solution proposed by the system analyst is artificial and has certain limitations.
2 The technology is not yet proven
● Establish a unified concept and consistent management model
● Try to provide sufficient backup measures and buffer space to prevent the project manager from losing control of the project.
Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
In the system analysis and design project, the risk sources come from:
1. Poor planning, the goal of the project is not clear at the beginning, and there are many problems, and the nature of the solution is also very uncertain.
2. The analysis activity is dynamic. The longer the planning, analysis, design, programming, testing, and implementation of an information system takes, the less likely it is that the system will adapt to the needs of the company.
3. Insufficient preparation caused the project to solve the wrong problem or solve the right problem in the wrong way
In order to deal with the risks in the project management stage, I suggest:
1. The project manager can manage the development of detailed evaluation project standards and align the management project with strategic goals.
2. The first step in dealing with risks is to identify and assess risks, use chart methods to analyze their causes, and systematically classify and comprehensively identify risks. Then try to deal with the risk, diversify the risk, avoid the risk and transfer the risk.
3. Determine the risks of the project by fully, systematically and systematically considering all the uncertainties and risk factors of the project.
I think the sources of risk in a system analysis and design project are following:
1)Project Selection:Poor planning ;Lacking or fuzzy project ownership ;The lack of a business case;Inadequate preparation.
2)Implementation Plan :An inadequate implementation plan is the final
factor that can sabotage an otherwise successful project performance. After a project has been
completed, there is a tendency to focus on the next project, neglecting to confirm the utilization of the results.
In my opinion, the project managers cope with risk during the stages of project management from the following perspectives:
1) Proper subsequent appraisals that compare the results to the stated objectives should be included in development projects. This feedback is necessary to improve the project portfolio management process and the project evaluation criteria.
2)Implement Project Portfolio Management as a solution. It is the management of an organization’s development projects as a totality that systematically and consistently implements an organization’s
strategy.
Question 2:
Risks may arise from the use of new technologies, the operation of personnel, the cost of spending, and competing companies
Question 3:
The project manager’s response includes budgeting costs properly, training employees to use the new system, and accurately identifying the business problems that the system needs to solve
Resource availability are difficult to analyzed;
Little knowledge about new technology;
Constraints are always changed as requirement are changed;
If analysis is not done in proper manner then final project is not delivered in time and also it does not meet the requirement of the user.
Risks in systems analysis and design projects come from people, technology, and costs. We cannot guarantee the progress of scientific and technological research and development. Once the R & D progress fails to keep up, the high cost may lead to the failure of the project. These are the sources of risk in systems analysis and design projects.
The project manager should constantly try to determine the source of the project risk, identify and describe the possible negative results of the project and its possibility. And make a response plan.
Sources of risk
1.the use of new technology
2.prospective users resisitance to change
3.availability of critical resources
4.competitive reactions or changes in reulatory actions
5.team member inexperience with the technology or business area.
what a manager should do:
1identify the potencial sources of risks
2.describe the possible negive outcomes
3.prepare contingency plans for those significant outcomes with a high probility of occurrance.
In the analysis process the risk is that you need to gather perspectives on the adequacy of current systems and the requirements for replacement systems. While each form of information collection has its advantages and disadvantages. You may not collect the enough information while you do not know.
In the design process, the risk is that the person who involves the process is not really understand the characteristic of the system.
as for risks
In the analysis process the risk is that you need to gather perspectives on the adequacy of current systems and the requirements for replacement systems. While each form of information collection has its advantages and disadvantages. You may not collect the enough information while you do not know.
In the design process, the risk is that the person who involves the process is not really understand the characteristic of the system.
As for risk management.
First,The project manager will have a solution that will design the project objectives and identify the overall project objectives and deliverables at the beginning of the project. It also helps the project team to clearly align the details of their responsibilities with the goals of the project. If the project members do not understand the goals, it will inevitably lead to a number of problems. Improve the transparency of project management by defining project objectives and communicating them to each project member.
Second,The project manager identifies potential risks in the project early on through communication or progress monitoring.
Third,Project managers and project team members can reduce costs and increase productivity by creating standard processes. Project managers can obtain the best project process by collecting feedback information from project members. Standardization process must be effectively implemented in the project. If standardization cannot be implemented or project members do not conform to the standardization strategy of the project, risks will arise
1.Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
2.The project manager should continually try to identify and assess project risk.The identification of project risk is required to develop PVF’s new Purchasing Fulfillment System. We met to identify and describe possible negative outcomes of the project and their probabilities of occurrence. Although we list the identification of risks and the outline of project scope as two discrete activities, they are highly related and often concurrently discussed.
I think risk in systems analysis and design projects comes from technology, people, and cost. Most of the risks in the project are controllable risks.
The project manager’s approach to risk management in the project management stage is as follows:
1. The project objective is not clear. The first step is to have a solution that designs the project’s goals, defining the project’s overall delivery goals and deliverables at the beginning of the project. Second, it helps the project team make it obvious that the details of their responsibilities are aligned with the goals of the project. If the project members do not understand the goals, it will inevitably lead to a number of problems. Improve the transparency of project management by defining project objectives and communicating them to each project member.
2. Risk response. The earlier the risks are identified, the more likely the project manager and project team members are to develop strategies to overcome these risks. In addition, identifying risks early can reduce the cost of project delivery and increase the feasibility of project delivery. Therefore, the project manager should identify potential risks in the project early on through communication or monitoring of progress.
Standardized strategy: Project managers and project team members can reduce costs and improve work efficiency by creating standard processes. However, not all processes will be able to run properly at the start of the project. Therefore, the standardized process of the project must have room for growth and be able to adapt to the changes of the project.
4. The project schedule is not transparent. The project manager can release the project status or relevant information and track the progress of the project through the corresponding system.
1.The sources of risk in a system analysis and design project includes:
• Poor planning
• Lacking or fuzzy project ownership
• The lack of a business case
• No explanation of the project’s affiliation with, and effect on, the corporate architecture
• Inadequate preparation, which leads to a project that solves the wrong problem or solves the right problem in the wrong way
2.Project manager can
•Limit the number of projects that can be executed at a time, and start new projects cautiously.
•Manage the development of detailed evaluation project standards.
• Keep technology compatible with company structure
•Management aligns the project with strategic goals.
• effectively manage the overall organization; a comprehensive understanding of the project, to maintain efficient scheduling efficiency
I think the risks in systems analysis and design projects come from people, technology, and cost, which are uncontrollable factors. Risks may arise due to the construction of the system or team members’ lack of experience in the technology or business domain, the use of new technology, potential user resistance to change, availability of key resources, competitive responses, or changes in regulatory measures
Project manager should have a solution that designs the project goals and defines the project’s overall delivery goals and deliverable at the beginning of the project, improve transparency in project management by defining project objectives and communicating them to each project member. And the project manager should identify potential risks in the project early by communicating or monitoring progress. In addition, it is another good choice to reduce costs and improve productivity by creating standard processes.
1、.Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
2、Project manager should continually try to identify,assess project risk,and describe possible
negative outcomes of the project and their probabilities of occurrence.
In a system analysis and design project, the sources of risk are coming from :
1. Analyzing the nature of the problem from the beginning of the boundary and structure of the problem is not clear and there are many problems, the nature of the solution is also a great degree of uncertainty.
2. The solution proposed by the system analyst is artificial and has certain limitations.
3. Analytical activities are dynamic. The longer an information system is planned, analyzed, designed, programmed, tested and implemented, the more likely it is that the system cannot adapt to the needs of the company.
4. An analytical solution requires multidisciplinary knowledge and skills.
To cope with the risk during the stages of project management, I will suggest:
1.Problem identification: it is used to find and describe requirements, mainly including functional requirements, performance requirements, environment requirements, reliability requirements, security and confidentiality requirements, user interface requirements, resource usage requirements, software cost consumption and development schedule requirements, so as to estimate the possible goals of the system in advance.
2.Analysis and synthesis: that is, to analyze the problem, and then integrate the solution on this basis. This step is often repeated. The commonly used methods include Structured Analysis (SA) for data flow, Jackson method for data structure, Object Oriented Analysis (OOA), as well as state transfer diagrams and Petri nets for building dynamic models.
3.Prepare documentation of requirements analysis: that is, document description of the identified requirements, which is usually called “requirements specification”.
4.Demand analysis and review: it is the last step of demand analysis work, mainly to evaluate the correctness, integrity and clarity of functions, and other requirements
I think the risks in systems analysis and design projects are as follows
• Poor planning , project purpose is not well-defined
• The technology is not yet proven
• Added workload or time requirements because of new direction,policy,or statute
• Resourses may not be available at the required level
• Lacking or fuzzy project ownership,lack of communication,causing lack of clarity and confusion
• Weather, new system, leads to loss of resourses,materials and some other uncontrollable factors
• The lack of a business case
• No explanation of the project’s affiliation with,and effect on, the corporate architecture
• Inadequate preparation, which leads to a project that solves the wrong problem or solves the right problem in the wrong way.
• The organization sees the project as a solution for all challenges; there are too many projects going on at once, and starting a new project is easy.
• Management lacks criteria to evaluate projects. • Decision makers finance their own pet projects. • Technology is an end in itself; there is a desire
to implement new technologies quickly even if they lead to incompatibilities with the corporate architecture.
• Management lacks a coherent way to align projects with strategic objectives.
• Organizations are unable to manage the totality; the lack of an overall grasp often results in overlaps and inefficient scheduling.
A project manager should do a risk assessment for any project before starting. During this stage the project manager should identify uncertainties, analyze risks, and prioritize risks. Every project will have some form of risk, it could be the weather, lead person changing jobs, a new system not being compatible with other already in place systems and each of these risks should have a decision in place.
1. The risk is that the research and development of the project needs to develop new technologies, but the number of products produced is small, and these technologies and processes are difficult to reach the degree of finalization. Secondly, the development of large-scale projects requires a long time of large-scale organization and coordination, and the long development cycle will also bring uncertainties. The existence of these uncertain factors makes it difficult to complete the project according to the scheduled time, and the cost is much higher than the planned cost. These are the sources of risk in the system analysis and design project.
2. In the project management stage, the project manager should first identify risks, conduct risk perception and analysis, analyze the causes and impacts, and put forward targeted solutions. We should focus on prevention, supplemented by response. Identify the risk as soon as possible and carry out risk aversion, transfer, mitigation and response. Secondly, make project management more transparent, use Gantt chart and other tools to make team members more clear about the progress of the project. Finally, by collecting feedback information and project status from project members, better project strategy can be adjusted in time to achieve the common goal of the project.
Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
PM should continually try to identify sources of project risk, probabilities of occurrence and to estimate the consequences of those risks. When facing a risk, use “eliminate, transfer, reduction, accept” priority is a good choice.
Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
A project manager should continually try to identify and assess project risk. identify and describe possible negative outcomes of the project and their probabilities of occurrence. and prepare a plan to deal with it.
The risk is that the R & D of the project needs to develop new technologies, but the number of products produced is small, and these technologies and processes are difficult to reach the degree of finalization. Secondly, the development of large-scale projects requires a long time of large-scale organization and coordination, and the long development cycle will also bring uncertainty. The existence of these uncertain factors makes it difficult to complete the project on schedule, and the cost is far higher than the planned cost. These are the risk sources in the system analysis and design project.
The use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area cause the risk in a system analysis and design project.
The project manager should try to identify and assess project continually.
System analysis and design project is significant for success. Projects are always easy to start, but hard to finish. The risks of system analysis and design project are often:
● Inadequate preparation and incomplete consideration, which leads to a project that solves the wrong problem or solves the right problem in the wrong way
● Missing roles and rules in the plan and making it impossible to render feasible decisions.
● Poor planning, low design quality leads to repeated design
● Resources cannot be adapted to requirements
● Lacking or fuzzy project ownership
● The lack of a business case
● No explanation of the project’s affiliation with, and effect on, the corporate architecture
● Organizations are unable to manage the totality; the lack of an overall grasp often results in overlaps and inefficient scheduling.
● Management lacks a coherent way to align projects with strategic objectives
How to cope with risks during the stages of project management?
● The project manager conducts effective risk prediction and assessment for the risk status of future project management, mainly based on basic information such as project plan, budget, and progress, focusing on specific project goals, strategies, methods and resources.
● Try to provide sufficient backup measures and buffer space to prevent the project manager from losing control of the project.
● Responding to risks exists in the entire life cycle of the project and continues to be repeated. The project manager must establish standards and measure the progress of the project in stages, adjust and correct them in time.
● The project manager forms the corresponding risk management report through the detection and control of the risk, which is conducive to making effective decisions before the risk occurs and reducing the loss caused by the risk.
● Establish a unified concept and consistent management model
In my opinion, the source of risks in system analysis and design projects is, on the one hand, the risk of development environment, development tools that cannot meet the needs of project products, and external risks such as crowded, disorderly or damaged development facilities. On the other hand, the designed project may not meet the needs of customers, and the redevelopment needs a lot of time and cost, and the cost of all aspects of human and material resources will cause project losses. Poor design quality leads to repeated design, poor code and library quality leads to the need for additional testing to fix bugs or rework, etc.
1. The first step to deal with risks is to identify and assess risks, analyze the causes of their emergence by using chart method, and systematically categorize and comprehensively identify risks. And then try to take the risk, diversify the risk, avoid the risk and transfer the risk.
2. Determining the risks of the project by taking into full, systematic and methodical consideration of all uncertainties and risk factors of the project. By establishing the system model of the risk, the key risks of the project can be found, and it is difficult to determine the individual risk level of the project.
In a system analysis and design project, the sources of its risk can be found which are in the following content :
First of all, the activities were not designed reasonable that the designers of the project ignored some details, such as poor researchs in launching the project in real environment.
In addition, the approaches which were controlled the the process of project management, they were not efficient and useful to reach the goals of designers.
Lastly, the responsible manager with decision-making authority for each functional area were not given a clear definition.
For my perspective, project manager should focus on the modifying the following aspects,
Initially, the manage ought to recheck the existed activities to find out the parts he or she ingored.
Next, promoting the capabilites of the governance of a system so that risks can be prevented or limited in a small scope to influnce.
At last, providing a clear definition to the scopes that the authority of responsible manager decison-making.
The sources of risk include the vulnerability of new technology and tools, resistance of potential users to change, availability of key resources, competitive response or team members’ lack of experience in technology or business field due to system construction.
It is the most important for managers to identify the potential sources of risk, then describe and estimate the possible negative results, determine the probability of occurrence, and make emergency plans for those significant results with high probability in advance.
There are organizational risk and environmental risk in a system analysis and design project. Organizational risk come from the interior, such as management risk, technological risk and financial risk. Environmental risk are from the exterior, such as natural risk and social risk.
To cope with risk, a project manager will set goals, identify and analyze risks, influence risk-decision making, and monitor and review risk responses.
1. There are several risks in a system analysis and design project:
• The organization sees the project as a solution for all challenges;
• Management lacks criteria to evaluate projects.
• Decision makers finance their own pet projects.
• Technology is an end in itself. there is a desire to implement new technologies quickly even if they lead to incompatibilities with the corporate architecture.
• Management lacks a coherent way to align projects with strategic objectives.
the lack of an overall grasp often results in overlaps and inefficient scheduling.
• Poor planning
• Lacking or fuzzy project ownership
• The lack of a business case
• No explanation of the project’s affiliation with, and effect on, the corporate architecture
• Inadequate preparation,
2.there are many ways that can cope with risk during the stages of project management. Firstly, unified concepts and a consistent management model. Secondly, a management process in which the project portfolio has a designated task. Making the suitable schedule is to balance different projects. Thirdly, tools that enable the management and project organizations to communicate the status of planned, current and completed programs.
1. Risks may arise from
(1) the adoption of new technology/software,
(2) users’ resistance to change and lack of skills,
(3) availability of critical financial and human resources (eg. Inexperienced PM),
(4) sloppy schedule and job allocation,
(5) Lack of guide, standards and communication path,
(6) lack of adaption to business needs, etc.
2. A PM should make a risk assessment before starting the project. During this stage the project manager should identify uncertainties, analyze potential risks, and prioritize risks. PM should predict the possible negative results and the probabilities of occurrence of risks and they need to monitor and control the whole process to avoid failure of the project and useless deliverables.
(1) Evaluation of tech feasibility
(2) Make training plan for relevant staffs
(3) Agree with the leadership on resources allocation
(4) Make refined and concrete budget and job allocation for approval
(5) Make detailed guidelines, standards and communication plan
(6) Fully communication with business personnel
1The solution proposed by the system analyst is artificial and has certain limitations.
2 The technology is not yet proven
● Establish a unified concept and consistent management model
● Try to provide sufficient backup measures and buffer space to prevent the project manager from losing control of the project.
Risks might arise from the use of new technology, prospective users’ resistance to change, availability of critical resources, competitive reactions or changes in regulatory actions due to the construction of a system, or team member inexperience with technology or the business area.
In the system analysis and design project, the risk sources come from:
1. Poor planning, the goal of the project is not clear at the beginning, and there are many problems, and the nature of the solution is also very uncertain.
2. The analysis activity is dynamic. The longer the planning, analysis, design, programming, testing, and implementation of an information system takes, the less likely it is that the system will adapt to the needs of the company.
3. Insufficient preparation caused the project to solve the wrong problem or solve the right problem in the wrong way
In order to deal with the risks in the project management stage, I suggest:
1. The project manager can manage the development of detailed evaluation project standards and align the management project with strategic goals.
2. The first step in dealing with risks is to identify and assess risks, use chart methods to analyze their causes, and systematically classify and comprehensively identify risks. Then try to deal with the risk, diversify the risk, avoid the risk and transfer the risk.
3. Determine the risks of the project by fully, systematically and systematically considering all the uncertainties and risk factors of the project.
I think the sources of risk in a system analysis and design project are following:
1)Project Selection:Poor planning ;Lacking or fuzzy project ownership ;The lack of a business case;Inadequate preparation.
2)Implementation Plan :An inadequate implementation plan is the final
factor that can sabotage an otherwise successful project performance. After a project has been
completed, there is a tendency to focus on the next project, neglecting to confirm the utilization of the results.
In my opinion, the project managers cope with risk during the stages of project management from the following perspectives:
1) Proper subsequent appraisals that compare the results to the stated objectives should be included in development projects. This feedback is necessary to improve the project portfolio management process and the project evaluation criteria.
2)Implement Project Portfolio Management as a solution. It is the management of an organization’s development projects as a totality that systematically and consistently implements an organization’s
strategy.
Question 2:
Risks may arise from the use of new technologies, the operation of personnel, the cost of spending, and competing companies
Question 3:
The project manager’s response includes budgeting costs properly, training employees to use the new system, and accurately identifying the business problems that the system needs to solve
Resource availability are difficult to analyzed;
Little knowledge about new technology;
Constraints are always changed as requirement are changed;
If analysis is not done in proper manner then final project is not delivered in time and also it does not meet the requirement of the user.
Risks in systems analysis and design projects come from people, technology, and costs. We cannot guarantee the progress of scientific and technological research and development. Once the R & D progress fails to keep up, the high cost may lead to the failure of the project. These are the sources of risk in systems analysis and design projects.
The project manager should constantly try to determine the source of the project risk, identify and describe the possible negative results of the project and its possibility. And make a response plan.
Sources of risk
1.the use of new technology
2.prospective users resisitance to change
3.availability of critical resources
4.competitive reactions or changes in reulatory actions
5.team member inexperience with the technology or business area.
what a manager should do:
1identify the potencial sources of risks
2.describe the possible negive outcomes
3.prepare contingency plans for those significant outcomes with a high probility of occurrance.
In the analysis process the risk is that you need to gather perspectives on the adequacy of current systems and the requirements for replacement systems. While each form of information collection has its advantages and disadvantages. You may not collect the enough information while you do not know.
In the design process, the risk is that the person who involves the process is not really understand the characteristic of the system.
as for risks
In the analysis process the risk is that you need to gather perspectives on the adequacy of current systems and the requirements for replacement systems. While each form of information collection has its advantages and disadvantages. You may not collect the enough information while you do not know.
In the design process, the risk is that the person who involves the process is not really understand the characteristic of the system.
As for risk management.
First,The project manager will have a solution that will design the project objectives and identify the overall project objectives and deliverables at the beginning of the project. It also helps the project team to clearly align the details of their responsibilities with the goals of the project. If the project members do not understand the goals, it will inevitably lead to a number of problems. Improve the transparency of project management by defining project objectives and communicating them to each project member.
Second,The project manager identifies potential risks in the project early on through communication or progress monitoring.
Third,Project managers and project team members can reduce costs and increase productivity by creating standard processes. Project managers can obtain the best project process by collecting feedback information from project members. Standardization process must be effectively implemented in the project. If standardization cannot be implemented or project members do not conform to the standardization strategy of the project, risks will arise