The Process of Maintaining Information Systems
Four major activities:
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing changes
Hello professor, here is my answer.
By reading Chapter 14 I gain a better understanding of the maintenance process and describe the types of issues that must be considered. The maintenance phase is the last phase of the SDLC. The process of maintaining the information system is a process of going back to the beginning of the SDLC and repeating the development steps until the changes are implemented. Four major activities occur within maintenance:
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing changes
Maintenance management is becoming increasingly important. Effective management includes:Managing Maintenance Personnel, Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness, Controlling Maintenance Requests, Configuration Management.
The Process of Maintaining Information Systems
SDLC becomes a cycle, with the last activity leading back to the first.
This means that the process of maintaining an information system is the process of returning to the beginning of the SDLC and repeating development steps until the change is implemented.
Four major activities occur within maintenance:
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing changes
Obtaining maintenance requests requires that a formal process be established. whereby users can submit system change requests. Most companies have some sort of document like an SSR to request new development, to report problems, or to request new features within an existing system.
When developing the procedures for obtaining maintenance requests, organizations must also specify an individual within the organization to collect these requests and manage their dispersal to maintenance personnel. The process of collecting and dispersing maintenance requests is described in much greater detail later in this chapter.
Once a request is received, analysis must be conducted to gain an understanding of the scope of the request. It must be determined how the request will affect the current system and how long such a project will take. As with the initial development of a system, the size of a maintenance request can be analyzed for risk and feasibility. Next, a change request can be transformed into a formal design change, which can then be fed into the maintenance implementation phase. Thus, many similarities exist between the SDLC and the activities within the maintenance process.
There are 4 parts of maintenance: Obtaining maintenance requests, Transforming requests into changes, Designing changes, Implementing changes. Activities include correct some errors, make changes based on environment, update system and take some security measures.
Major factors influence the maintainability of a system: the number of latent defects, the number of
customers, and documentation quality.
Mean time between failures is a measurement of maintenance effectiveness. If MTBF is relative short in a long time, it means there are potential problems that unsolved.
Dear professor, the following is my answer, please check,
The maintenance process of the SDLC is the final stage and reveals that the SDLC is therefore a cyclic process whereby we have to come to the first procedure of the SDLC process to make it a complete cycle. The maintenance process has four stages
In the process of maintaining information systems, there are actually four activities that occur within maintenance.
You obtain maintenance requests when users submit system change requests using an SSR(system service request), to request new development, report problems, oe to request new features in the existing system. Once the request is recieved, an analysis is perfomed to understand the scope of the request and how this request/change will affect the system. When the change request is transformed into a formal design change, it can be fed into the maintenance implementation phase. This maintenance process mirrors the SDLC, and leads back to implementation of the change, and consistently develops with each change request.
Hello Professor,
This is what I learned from chapter 14:
Types of conducting systems maintenance:
Maintenance means the fixing or enhancing of an information system.
1. Corrective maintenance: changes made to repair defects in the design, coding, or implementation of the system. Corrective maintenance adds little or no value to the organization. It simply focuses on removing defects from an existing system without adding new functionality.
2. Adaptive maintenance: making changes to an information system to evolve its functionality to changing business needs or to migrate it to a different operating environment. Adaptive maintenance is less urgent than corrective maintenance and adds value to the the organization.
3. Perfective maintenance: making enhancements to improve processing performance or interface usability or to add desire, but not necessarily required, system features. Perfective maintenance is not really maintenance but rather new development.
4. Preventive maintenance: changes made to a system to reduce the chance of future system failure.
Thank you
Maintenance is the final phase in the SDLC. It completes the cycle and when it goes back to the first phase, it promotes a dynamite process of development.
There are four major activities occur within maintenance:
(1)Obtaining Maintenance Requests
(2)Transforming Requests into Changes
(3)Designing Changes
(4)Implementing Changes
Contrasting four types of maintenance:
Corrective maintenance is to repair flaws in its design, coding, or implementation.
Adaptive maintenance is to evolve its functionality to changing business needs or technologies.
Perfective maintenance is to add new features or to improve performance.
Preventive maintenance is to avoid possible future problems
Numerous factors influence the maintainability of a system, among them, three are most significant: the number of latent defects, the number of customers, and documentation quality.
Others: personnel, tools, and software structure etc.
There are two general kinds of configuration management tools: revision control and source code control.
Separate maintenance organizational structure improves the system and documentation quality but the maintenance group may not know critical information about the system.
Combined maintenance organizational structure gives free-range access to the maintenance group but documentation and testing thoroughness may suffer due to a lack of a formal transfer of responsibility
Functional maintenance organizational structure helps people have a better understanding of functional requirements but people may also have limited job mobility and lack access to adequate human and technical resources.
Hello, professor
Here is my answer:
I learn four types of maintenance from MSAD Chapter 14. They are Corrective maintenance, Adaptive maintenance, Perfective maintenance, and Preventive maintenance. Corrective maintenance is the changes made to a system to repair flaws in its design, coding, or implementation. Adaptive maintenance is the changes made to a system to evolve its functionality to changing business needs or technologies. Perfective maintenance is the changes made to a system to add new features or to improve performance. Preventive maintenance is the changes made to a system to avoid possible future problems.
1.Four major activities occur within maintenance:
(1) Obtaining maintenance requests;
(2) Transforming requests into changes;
(3) Designing changes;
(4) Implementing changes.
2. Types of Maintenance
(1) Corrective: Repair design and programming errors;
(2) Adaptive: Modify system to environmental changes;
(3) Perfective: Evolve system to solve new problems or take advantage of new opportunities;
(4) Preventive: Safeguard system from future problems.
3. Numerous factors influence the maintainability of a system. These factors, or cost elements, determine the extent to which a system has high or low maintainability. Of these factors, three are most significant: the number of latent defects, the number of customers, and documentation quality.
4. Several topics related to the effective management of systems maintenance:
(1) Managing Maintenance Personnel;
(2) Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness;
(3) Controlling Maintenance Requests;
(4) Configuration Management.
Systems maintenance is the largest systems development expenditure for many organizations. As with the initial design of a system, maintenance activities are not limited only to software changes, but include changes to hardware and business procedures.
It is during maintenance that the SDLC becomes a life cycle because requests to change a system must first be approved, planned, analyzed, designed, and then implemented. Maintenance requests can be one of four types: corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive.
Hi professor,
here is my answer:
Chapter 14, “Maintaining Information Systems,” focuses on the final phase of SDLC. It’s just a process that’s more complicated than you think. After this step, the SDLC is a cycle, and the final activity goes back to the project initiation step. This means that the process of maintaining an information system is the process of returning to the beginning of the SDLC and repeating development steps until the change is implemented. And there are four major activities occur within maintenance:
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing change
In fact, the maintenance of the system is not a simple process. In general, maintenance begins after the system is installed and there is no standard maintenance time. That is, it does not have a fixed time to stop system maintenance. It is often after assessing the economic benefits of maintenance and the development of new systems that senior management considers discontinuing the maintenance of the system. Moreover, system maintenance is complicated in that it is not only necessary to maintain software changes, but also to maintain hardware and program changes.
Hello professor
Here is my answer
A significant portion of the expenditures for information systems within organizations does not go to the development of new systems but to the maintenance of existing systems. We will describe various types of maintenance, factors influencing the complexity and cost of maintenance, and alternatives for managing maintenance. Given that maintenance activities consume the majority of information-systems-related expenditures, gaining an understanding of these topics will yield numerous benefits to your career as an information systems professional.
Measuring the number of and time between failures will provide you with the basis to calculate a widely used measure of system quality. This metric is referred to as the mean time between failures (MTBF). As its name implies, the MTBF metric shows the average length of time between the identification of one system failure and the next. Over time, you should expect the MTBF value to rapidly increase after a few months of use (and corrective maintenance) of the system (see Figure 14-7 for an example of the relationship between MTBF and age of a system). If the MTBF does not rapidly increase over time, it will be a signal to management that major problems exist within the system that are not being adequately resolved through the maintenance process.
Through the study of Chapter 14,I learned four major activities occur within maintenance:1. Obtaining maintenance requests, 2. Transforming requests into changes, 3. Designing changes, 4. Implementing changes.
Because the maintenance phase of the SDLC is basically a subset of the activities of the entire development process, this means that all documents created or modified during the maintenance effort, including the system itself, represent the deliverables and outcomes of the process.
And there are four types of matainance. They are 1.Corrective (repair design and
programming errors), 2.Adaptive (modify system to environmental changes),
3.Perfective (evolve system to solve new problems or take advantage of new opportunities), 4.Preventive (safeguard system from future problems).
Numerous factors influence the maintainability of a system. These factors, or cost
elements, determine the extent to which a system has high or low maintainability. Of these factors, three are most significant: the number of latent defects, the number of customers, and documentation quality. The others—personnel, tools, and software structure—have noticeable, but less, influence.
There are four activities involved in managing an information system. 1. Receive a request for maintenance 2. Make a change from a request Changes to the design 4. Make a modification. You can get a maintenance request when a user files an SSR (System Service Request) for a system change, new development, reporting an issue, or a new feature in an existing system. After receiving a request, an analysis is carried out to determine the scope of the request and how the request/change will effect the system. A change request can be sent to the maintenance implementation phase once it has been transformed into a formal design change.
Hello professor, Here is my answer:
“Maintaining Information Systems,” focuses on the final phase of SDLC. It’s just a process that’s more complicated than you think. After this step, the SDLC is a cycle, and the final activity goes back to the project initiation step. This means that the process of maintaining an information system is the process of returning to the beginning of the SDLC and repeating development steps until the change is implemented. And there are four major activities occur within maintenance:
There are four activities involved in managing an information system. 1. Receive a request for maintenance 2. Make a change from a request Changes to the design 4. Make a modification.
You can get a maintenance request when a user files an SSR (System Service Request) for a system change, new development, reporting an issue, or a new feature in an existing system. After receiving a request, an analysis is carried out to determine the scope of the request and how the request/change will effect the system. A change request can be sent to the maintenance implementation phase once it has been transformed into a formal design change.
systems maintenance, the largest systems development expenditure for many organizations. There is no single reason why software is maintained; however, most reasons relate to a desire to evolve system functionality in order to overcome internal processing errors or to better support changing business needs. Thus, maintenance is a fact of life for most systems. This means that maintenance can begin soon after the system is installed. As with the initial design of a system, maintenance activities are not limited only to software changes but include changes to hardware and business procedures.
In this chapter, I learned the following,
1. The process of maintain information systems
a) Obtaining maintenance requests
b) Transforming requests into changes
c) Designing changes
d) Implementing changes
2. Types of maintenance
a) Corrective maintenance
b) Adaptive maintenance
c) Perfective maintenance
d) Preventive maintenance
3. The cost of maintenance
a) Latent defects
b) Number of customers for a given system
c) Quality of system documentation
d) Maintenance personnel
e) Tools
f) Well-strucctured programs
4. Managing maintenance
a) Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Maintenance organizational Structures
b) To make maintenance effective, effectiveness should be measure. Mean time between failure (MTBF)
c) Methods you could apply for dealing with maintenance change requests
d) Managing the queue of pending tasks is an important activity.
5. Role of Automated Development Tools in Maintenance
Requests to change a system must first be approved, planned, analyzed, designed, and then implemented.
How a system is designed and implemented can greatly impact the cost of performing maintenance.
Another maintenance management issue relates to understanding how to measure the quality of the maintenance effort.
Automated tools are actively employed during maintenance to enable maintenance to be performed on design documents rather than on low-level source code.
Website maintenance involves some special attention
Peixuan Dou says
The Process of Maintaining Information Systems
Four major activities:
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing changes
Xiaoyu Shi says
Hello professor, here is my answer.
By reading Chapter 14 I gain a better understanding of the maintenance process and describe the types of issues that must be considered. The maintenance phase is the last phase of the SDLC. The process of maintaining the information system is a process of going back to the beginning of the SDLC and repeating the development steps until the changes are implemented. Four major activities occur within maintenance:
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing changes
Maintenance management is becoming increasingly important. Effective management includes:Managing Maintenance Personnel, Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness, Controlling Maintenance Requests, Configuration Management.
Chaoqun Song says
Dear professor,
Here is my answer:
The Process of Maintaining Information Systems
SDLC becomes a cycle, with the last activity leading back to the first.
This means that the process of maintaining an information system is the process of returning to the beginning of the SDLC and repeating development steps until the change is implemented.
Four major activities occur within maintenance:
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing changes
Obtaining maintenance requests requires that a formal process be established. whereby users can submit system change requests. Most companies have some sort of document like an SSR to request new development, to report problems, or to request new features within an existing system.
When developing the procedures for obtaining maintenance requests, organizations must also specify an individual within the organization to collect these requests and manage their dispersal to maintenance personnel. The process of collecting and dispersing maintenance requests is described in much greater detail later in this chapter.
Once a request is received, analysis must be conducted to gain an understanding of the scope of the request. It must be determined how the request will affect the current system and how long such a project will take. As with the initial development of a system, the size of a maintenance request can be analyzed for risk and feasibility. Next, a change request can be transformed into a formal design change, which can then be fed into the maintenance implementation phase. Thus, many similarities exist between the SDLC and the activities within the maintenance process.
Hongyi Bi says
There are 4 parts of maintenance: Obtaining maintenance requests, Transforming requests into changes, Designing changes, Implementing changes. Activities include correct some errors, make changes based on environment, update system and take some security measures.
Major factors influence the maintainability of a system: the number of latent defects, the number of
customers, and documentation quality.
Mean time between failures is a measurement of maintenance effectiveness. If MTBF is relative short in a long time, it means there are potential problems that unsolved.
Yushu Feng says
Dear professor, the following is my answer, please check,
The maintenance process of the SDLC is the final stage and reveals that the SDLC is therefore a cyclic process whereby we have to come to the first procedure of the SDLC process to make it a complete cycle. The maintenance process has four stages
In the process of maintaining information systems, there are actually four activities that occur within maintenance.
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing changes
You obtain maintenance requests when users submit system change requests using an SSR(system service request), to request new development, report problems, oe to request new features in the existing system. Once the request is recieved, an analysis is perfomed to understand the scope of the request and how this request/change will affect the system. When the change request is transformed into a formal design change, it can be fed into the maintenance implementation phase. This maintenance process mirrors the SDLC, and leads back to implementation of the change, and consistently develops with each change request.
Shan Qiao says
Hello Professor,
This is what I learned from chapter 14:
Types of conducting systems maintenance:
Maintenance means the fixing or enhancing of an information system.
1. Corrective maintenance: changes made to repair defects in the design, coding, or implementation of the system. Corrective maintenance adds little or no value to the organization. It simply focuses on removing defects from an existing system without adding new functionality.
2. Adaptive maintenance: making changes to an information system to evolve its functionality to changing business needs or to migrate it to a different operating environment. Adaptive maintenance is less urgent than corrective maintenance and adds value to the the organization.
3. Perfective maintenance: making enhancements to improve processing performance or interface usability or to add desire, but not necessarily required, system features. Perfective maintenance is not really maintenance but rather new development.
4. Preventive maintenance: changes made to a system to reduce the chance of future system failure.
Thank you
Xiaotian Wang says
Maintenance is the final phase in the SDLC. It completes the cycle and when it goes back to the first phase, it promotes a dynamite process of development.
There are four major activities occur within maintenance:
(1)Obtaining Maintenance Requests
(2)Transforming Requests into Changes
(3)Designing Changes
(4)Implementing Changes
Contrasting four types of maintenance:
Corrective maintenance is to repair flaws in its design, coding, or implementation.
Adaptive maintenance is to evolve its functionality to changing business needs or technologies.
Perfective maintenance is to add new features or to improve performance.
Preventive maintenance is to avoid possible future problems
Numerous factors influence the maintainability of a system, among them, three are most significant: the number of latent defects, the number of customers, and documentation quality.
Others: personnel, tools, and software structure etc.
There are two general kinds of configuration management tools: revision control and source code control.
Separate maintenance organizational structure improves the system and documentation quality but the maintenance group may not know critical information about the system.
Combined maintenance organizational structure gives free-range access to the maintenance group but documentation and testing thoroughness may suffer due to a lack of a formal transfer of responsibility
Functional maintenance organizational structure helps people have a better understanding of functional requirements but people may also have limited job mobility and lack access to adequate human and technical resources.
Qingzheng Sun says
Hello, professor
Here is my answer:
I learn four types of maintenance from MSAD Chapter 14. They are Corrective maintenance, Adaptive maintenance, Perfective maintenance, and Preventive maintenance. Corrective maintenance is the changes made to a system to repair flaws in its design, coding, or implementation. Adaptive maintenance is the changes made to a system to evolve its functionality to changing business needs or technologies. Perfective maintenance is the changes made to a system to add new features or to improve performance. Preventive maintenance is the changes made to a system to avoid possible future problems.
Qian Xiao says
1.Four major activities occur within maintenance:
(1) Obtaining maintenance requests;
(2) Transforming requests into changes;
(3) Designing changes;
(4) Implementing changes.
2. Types of Maintenance
(1) Corrective: Repair design and programming errors;
(2) Adaptive: Modify system to environmental changes;
(3) Perfective: Evolve system to solve new problems or take advantage of new opportunities;
(4) Preventive: Safeguard system from future problems.
3. Numerous factors influence the maintainability of a system. These factors, or cost elements, determine the extent to which a system has high or low maintainability. Of these factors, three are most significant: the number of latent defects, the number of customers, and documentation quality.
4. Several topics related to the effective management of systems maintenance:
(1) Managing Maintenance Personnel;
(2) Measuring Maintenance Effectiveness;
(3) Controlling Maintenance Requests;
(4) Configuration Management.
Yuguo Qian says
Types of System Maintenance :
1.Corrective maintenance:
changes made to a system to
repair flaws in its design, coding,
or implementation
2.Adaptive maintenance:
changes made to a system to
evolve its functionality to
changing business needs or
technologies
3.Perfective maintenance:
changes made to a system to
add new features or to improve
performance
4.Preventive maintenance:
changes made to a system to
avoid possible future problems
The Cost of Maintenance
1.Maintainability: the ease with which
software can be understood,
corrected, adapted, and enhanced
Qiaohang Zhang says
Systems maintenance is the largest systems development expenditure for many organizations. As with the initial design of a system, maintenance activities are not limited only to software changes, but include changes to hardware and business procedures.
It is during maintenance that the SDLC becomes a life cycle because requests to change a system must first be approved, planned, analyzed, designed, and then implemented. Maintenance requests can be one of four types: corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive.
Tingting Li says
Hi professor,
here is my answer:
Chapter 14, “Maintaining Information Systems,” focuses on the final phase of SDLC. It’s just a process that’s more complicated than you think. After this step, the SDLC is a cycle, and the final activity goes back to the project initiation step. This means that the process of maintaining an information system is the process of returning to the beginning of the SDLC and repeating development steps until the change is implemented. And there are four major activities occur within maintenance:
1. Obtaining maintenance requests
2. Transforming requests into changes
3. Designing changes
4. Implementing change
In fact, the maintenance of the system is not a simple process. In general, maintenance begins after the system is installed and there is no standard maintenance time. That is, it does not have a fixed time to stop system maintenance. It is often after assessing the economic benefits of maintenance and the development of new systems that senior management considers discontinuing the maintenance of the system. Moreover, system maintenance is complicated in that it is not only necessary to maintain software changes, but also to maintain hardware and program changes.
Xue Fang says
Hello professor
Here is my answer
A significant portion of the expenditures for information systems within organizations does not go to the development of new systems but to the maintenance of existing systems. We will describe various types of maintenance, factors influencing the complexity and cost of maintenance, and alternatives for managing maintenance. Given that maintenance activities consume the majority of information-systems-related expenditures, gaining an understanding of these topics will yield numerous benefits to your career as an information systems professional.
Measuring the number of and time between failures will provide you with the basis to calculate a widely used measure of system quality. This metric is referred to as the mean time between failures (MTBF). As its name implies, the MTBF metric shows the average length of time between the identification of one system failure and the next. Over time, you should expect the MTBF value to rapidly increase after a few months of use (and corrective maintenance) of the system (see Figure 14-7 for an example of the relationship between MTBF and age of a system). If the MTBF does not rapidly increase over time, it will be a signal to management that major problems exist within the system that are not being adequately resolved through the maintenance process.
Qi Mao says
Through the study of Chapter 14,I learned four major activities occur within maintenance:1. Obtaining maintenance requests, 2. Transforming requests into changes, 3. Designing changes, 4. Implementing changes.
Because the maintenance phase of the SDLC is basically a subset of the activities of the entire development process, this means that all documents created or modified during the maintenance effort, including the system itself, represent the deliverables and outcomes of the process.
And there are four types of matainance. They are 1.Corrective (repair design and
programming errors), 2.Adaptive (modify system to environmental changes),
3.Perfective (evolve system to solve new problems or take advantage of new opportunities), 4.Preventive (safeguard system from future problems).
Numerous factors influence the maintainability of a system. These factors, or cost
elements, determine the extent to which a system has high or low maintainability. Of these factors, three are most significant: the number of latent defects, the number of customers, and documentation quality. The others—personnel, tools, and software structure—have noticeable, but less, influence.
Zhuoran Ouyang says
There are four activities involved in managing an information system. 1. Receive a request for maintenance 2. Make a change from a request Changes to the design 4. Make a modification. You can get a maintenance request when a user files an SSR (System Service Request) for a system change, new development, reporting an issue, or a new feature in an existing system. After receiving a request, an analysis is carried out to determine the scope of the request and how the request/change will effect the system. A change request can be sent to the maintenance implementation phase once it has been transformed into a formal design change.
Yidi Xu says
Hello professor, Here is my answer:
“Maintaining Information Systems,” focuses on the final phase of SDLC. It’s just a process that’s more complicated than you think. After this step, the SDLC is a cycle, and the final activity goes back to the project initiation step. This means that the process of maintaining an information system is the process of returning to the beginning of the SDLC and repeating development steps until the change is implemented. And there are four major activities occur within maintenance:
There are four activities involved in managing an information system. 1. Receive a request for maintenance 2. Make a change from a request Changes to the design 4. Make a modification.
You can get a maintenance request when a user files an SSR (System Service Request) for a system change, new development, reporting an issue, or a new feature in an existing system. After receiving a request, an analysis is carried out to determine the scope of the request and how the request/change will effect the system. A change request can be sent to the maintenance implementation phase once it has been transformed into a formal design change.
BR
Yidi Xu
Bowei Zhu says
systems maintenance, the largest systems development expenditure for many organizations. There is no single reason why software is maintained; however, most reasons relate to a desire to evolve system functionality in order to overcome internal processing errors or to better support changing business needs. Thus, maintenance is a fact of life for most systems. This means that maintenance can begin soon after the system is installed. As with the initial design of a system, maintenance activities are not limited only to software changes but include changes to hardware and business procedures.
Qixiang Fu says
In this chapter, I learned the following,
1. The process of maintain information systems
a) Obtaining maintenance requests
b) Transforming requests into changes
c) Designing changes
d) Implementing changes
2. Types of maintenance
a) Corrective maintenance
b) Adaptive maintenance
c) Perfective maintenance
d) Preventive maintenance
3. The cost of maintenance
a) Latent defects
b) Number of customers for a given system
c) Quality of system documentation
d) Maintenance personnel
e) Tools
f) Well-strucctured programs
4. Managing maintenance
a) Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Maintenance organizational Structures
b) To make maintenance effective, effectiveness should be measure. Mean time between failure (MTBF)
c) Methods you could apply for dealing with maintenance change requests
d) Managing the queue of pending tasks is an important activity.
5. Role of Automated Development Tools in Maintenance
Requests to change a system must first be approved, planned, analyzed, designed, and then implemented.
How a system is designed and implemented can greatly impact the cost of performing maintenance.
Another maintenance management issue relates to understanding how to measure the quality of the maintenance effort.
Automated tools are actively employed during maintenance to enable maintenance to be performed on design documents rather than on low-level source code.
Website maintenance involves some special attention