In a LAN-based system, the server and clients are like an entity. File server is just like an extra big drive of clients.
In client/server architecture, the server and clients are like a team. They have their own work to do. Server manage all the data and clients can receive data they want without receiving the whole data file.
Have a good understanding of middleware through the example of plumbing.
Hello Professor,
Here is my answer:
One thing I took away from reading MSAD chapter 12 is designing systems for LANs.
LAN supports a network of personal computers with its own storage and share common devices and software attached to the LAN. A file server is a device which manages file operations and is shared by each client PC that is attached to the LAN. It acts as an additional hard disk for each client PC.
However, there are three limitations, including excessive data movement, the need for a powerful client workstation, and decentralized data control..
1. Excessive data movement: A client-based LAN places a considerable burden on the client PC to carry out functions that have to be performed on all clients and creates a high network traffic load.
2. The need for a powerful client workstation: Each client workstation must devote memory to a full version of the DBMS, there is less room on the client PC to rapid manipulate data in hight-speed RAM.
3. Decentralized data control: The DBMS copy in each workstation must manage the shared database integrity.
Thank you
1. Cloud computing is a utility computing model (i.e., organizations “renting” resources such as processing, data storage, or networking from an external provider on an as-needed basis, and pay only for what is actually used). Cloud computing thus helps to transform IT infrastructure costs from a capital expenditure to an operational expenditure.
2. Cloud Characteristics ：
On-Demand Self-Service
Rapid Elasticity
Broad Network Access
Resource Pooling
Measured Service
Service Models
Infrastructure as a Service
Platform as a Service
Software as a Service
3. Advantages：
Availability/Reliability
Scalability
Viability
Diversity of Offerings
Security, Privacy, and Compliance
Openness
Hello professor, here is my answer.
Through reading and studying I got a clearer understanding of cloud computing. Cloud computing is a utility computing mode. The features and benefits of cloud computing are significant. Firstly, to allow for most flexibility, users can access cloud resources in a buffet-style fashion on an as-needed basis without the need for lengthy negotiations with the service provider. Rapid Elasticity and Broad Network Access , they are accessible from almost anywhere and from almost any Web-enabled device. Besides, In the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) model, only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided. Due to the various benefits of cloud computing, it has gained a lot of popularity and management is considering managing this more comprehensively. In sum, Managers need to think as much as possible about how to take advantage of the opportunities offered by cloud computing while minimizing the potential drawbacks.
Dear professor, the following is my answer, please check.thanks
Designing Systems for LANs
Personal computers and workstations can be used as stand-alone systems to support
local applications. However, organizations have discovered that if data is valuable to
one employee, it is probably also valuable to other employees in the same workgroup
or in other workgroups. By interconnecting their computers, workers can exchange
information electronically and can also share devices such as printers that may be too
expensive to be utilized by only a single user.
A local area network (LAN) supports a network of personal computers, each with
its own storage; each computer is able to share common devices and software attached to the LAN. Each PC and workstation on a LAN is typically within a few hundred feet of another, with a total network cable length of less than 1 mile. Usually, at least one computer (a microcomputer or larger) is designated as a file server, on which shared databases and applications are stored. The LAN modules of a DBMS, for example, add concurrent access controls, possibly extra security features, and query or transaction queuing management to support concurrent access from multiple users of a shared database.
File Servers In a basic LAN environment (see Figure 12-3), all data manipulation
occurs at the workstations from which data are requested. One or more file servers
are attached to the LAN. A file server is a device that manages file operations and is shared by each client PC that is attached to the LAN. In a file server configuration,
each file server acts as an additional hard disk for each client PC. For example, your
PC might recognize a logical F: drive, which is actually a disk volume stored on a file
server on the LAN. Programs on your PC refer to files on this drive by the typical path specification, using this drive and any directories, as well as the file name.
Hello professor
Here is my answer:
From reading MSAD Chapter 12 I learn to distinguish between file server and client/server environments.
A local area network (LAN) supports a network of personal computers, each with its own storage; each computer is able to share common devices and software attached to the LAN. Each PC and workstation on a LAN is typically within a few hundred feet of another, with a total network cable length of less than 1 mile. Usually, at least one computer (a microcomputer or larger) is designated as a file server, on which shared databases and applications are stored.
An improvement in LAN-based systems is the client/server architecture in which application processing is divided (not necessarily evenly) between client and server. The client workstation is most often responsible for managing the user interface, including presenting data, and the database server is responsible for database storage and access, such as query processing.
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a type of distributed computing. It refers to the use of a network “cloud” to break a huge data processing program into countless small programs. The results of these small programs are then processed and analyzed by a system of multiple servers and sent back to users. In the early days of cloud computing, simply put, it was simple distributed computing, dealing with task distribution and combining results. Therefore, cloud computing is also called grid computing.
Through this technology, tens of thousands of data can be processed in a very short time (a few seconds), so as to achieve powerful network services.
At present, the cloud service is not only a kind of distributed computing, but also the result of the hybrid evolution and jump of distributed computing, utility computing, load balancing, parallel computing, network storage, hot backup and virtualization.
A cloud infrastructure, resources can be added incrementally, on an as-needed basis.
The value of cloud computing lies in its high flexibility, scalability and high sex ratio. Compared with the traditional network application mode, it has the following advantages and characteristics:
1. Virtualization technology.
It must be emphasized that virtualization breaks through the boundaries of time and space and is the most significant feature of cloud computing. Virtualization technology includes application virtualization and resource virtualization.
2. Dynamically scalable.
Cloud computing has efficient computing power. Adding cloud computing function on the basis of the original server can rapidly improve the computing speed, and finally realize the dynamic expansion of the virtualization level, so as to achieve the purpose of expanding the application.
3. Deploy on demand.
Computers contain many applications, programs and software
4. High flexibility.
At present, most IT resources, software and hardware in the market support virtualization, such as storage network, operating system and development software and hardware.
5. High reliability.
If the server fails, it will not affect the normal operation of computing and applications. Because the single point server fails, applications distributed on different physical servers can be recovered through virtualization technology, or new servers can be deployed for calculation by using dynamic expansion function.
Through the study of Chapter 12, I understand how various hardware devices work through the Internet. In addition, what interests me most is the connection between application system and network. In the system design stage, we need to add networking functions into the process of system development, so that different users can access specific systems on different devices by account and password. Most important, of course, is the IT auditor’s understanding of the requirements of the system design phase. What we IT auditors need to ensure is the availability, security and so on of the company’s systems. Therefore, whether a good system will record relevant data information when users are connected to each other and transmit data, and keep IT safely and properly, to provide useful evidence for IT auditors has become the focus of attention of IT auditors.
Chapter 12 ’Designing Distributed and Internet Systems’ introduces differences between file server and client/server environments and how each is used in a LAN.
Local area network (LAN) refers to the cabling, hardware and software used to connect workstations, computers, and file servers located in a confined geographical area (typically within one building or campus).
A file server is a device that manages file operations and is shared by each client PC that is attached to the LAN.
Client/server architecture is a LAN-based computing environment in which a central database server or engine performs all database commands sent to it from client workstations, and application programs on each client concentrate on user interface functions.
When designing Internet-based systems, standardized location naming, content translating, and document formatting is important. Two techniques wildly used to enforce system consistency are CSSs and the XSL.
There are some design issues deserved serious attention:
(1) Customer Loyalty and Trustworthiness
(2) Links Must Live Forever
(3) System Security
(4) Website Content Management
Hello, professor
Here is my answer:
The thing I took away from reading MSAD Chapter 12 is the public clouds versus private clouds.
Public clouds includes Operational expenditure, Flexible, Standardized, Fast & easy setup, Owned by service provider, Pay per use, and Elastic.
Private clouds includes Availability, Control, Privacy, Security, Increased efficiency, Capital expenditure, Owned by client, and Centralized.
From this thing, I know the scope of public clouds and private clouds.
Hi professor,
here is my answer:
By reading Chapter 12, I learned about Cloud Computing. what I knew or should have known before is the cloud storage system. Such a storage system saves space and resources. As it is depicted in the issue，cloud computing refers to the provision of applications over the Internet where customers do not have to invest in the hardware and software resources needed to run and maintain the applications, but are charged on a per-use basis. And Cloud’ characteristics conclude On-Demand Self-Service.Rapid Elasticity and Broad Network Access.Because of so many benefits and the great potential inherent in cloud computing, cloud computing will become increasingly popular. Therefore, the management of cloud computing is a matter that needs to be taken seriously. Among them, Availability/Reliability, Scalability, and Viability of the cloud computing system can be mainly targeted, where Security, Privacy, and Compliance are also the areas that need to be audited.
Technological advances such as faster processing, increasing Internet bandwidth, improving data management and processing frameworks like Hadoop and Bigtable, as well as improving methods for virtualization, have given rise to cloud computing.
Cloud computing refers to the provision of applications over the Internet where customers do not have to invest in the hardware and software resources needed to run and maintain the applications, but are charged on a per-use basis. And cloud computing is a utility computing model.
The cloud computing model has several unique and essential characteristics that distinguish cloud computing from an in-house infrastructure and provide various benefits to users. These characteristics are (1) on-demand self-service; (2) rapid elasticity; (3) broad network access; (4) resource pooling; (5) measured service; (6) service models; (7) infrastructure as a service; (8) platform as a service; (9) software as a service; (10) types of clouds.
Cloud computing has gained much popularity, especially among executives who try to harness the potential of scalability and increase the business’ agility. However, there are also various issues management should consider when moving their infrastructure to the public cloud. The first consideration is which applications, services, or data to move to the cloud. Typically, there is no single cloud computing provider that can meet all needs of most organizations. Rather, organizations often have to partner with different service providers, selecting IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS models based on the business’ needs, often combining public and private clouds; as there is not one solution that fits all, organizations have to carefully weigh the benefits and downsides of cloud computing. In addition, organizations must carefully consider which cloud services provider to choose. Some of the long-term, strategic issues that management should consider when evaluating different public cloud service providers include availability, reliability, scalability, viability, security, privacy, compliance, diversity of offerings, openness, and cost.
Advances in computing technology and the rapid evolution of mobile technologies are changing the way today s computing systems are being used. Applications are being downsized from expensive mainframes and dedicated data centers to both public and private cloud-based architectures that are much more cost effective, scalable, and manageable.
Cloud computing uses a utility computing business model, where customers can draw on a variety of computing resources that can be accessed on demand, with minimal human interaction. Typical cloud computing service models are infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, and software as a service. Cloud computing supports service-oriented architectures and the use of Web services to more easily integrate systems and deploy them on a variety of devices.
Hi professor,
here is my answer:
By reading Chapter 12, I learned about Four major activities occur within maintenance:Types of Maintenance,including obtaining maintenance requests; Transforming requests into changes; Designing changes;Implementing changes.Corrective: Repair design and programming errors;
Adaptive: Modify system to environmental changes;Perfective: Evolve system to solve new problems or take advantage of new opportunities; Preventive: Safeguard system from future problems.
Once the system tests have been satisfactorily completed, the system is ready for acceptance testing, which is testing the system in the environment where it will eventually be used. Alpha testing include the following:Recovery testing;Security testing;Stress testing; Performance testing
In the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) model, only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided. Due to the various benefits of cloud computing, it has gained a lot of popularity and management is considering managing this more comprehensively.
I was impressed that one thing good about Internet-based systems that when designing Internet-based systems, standardized location naming, content translating, and document formatting enable designers to quickly craft systems because much of the complexity of the design and implementation is removed.
In a distributed system, the efficiency of the entire system is not determined by a single server, but the result of the cooperation of multiple servers. The ability of the distributed system is affected by the performance of a single server, network delay, task allocation, resource scheduling, and other factors, so in the whole system network load balancing, task scheduling is particularly important. These basic methods can be combined to form more advanced load balancing methods.
This chapter covered various issues and technologies involved in the sharing of systems and data by multiple people across space and time in distributed and Internet systems.
In general, the information that must be considered is the site, processing needs, and data information for each location (or processor) in the distributed environment. Specifically, information related to physical distances between locations, counts and usage patterns by users, building and location infrastructure issues, personnel capabilities, data usage (create, use, update, or destroy), and local organizational processes should be described. Additionally, the pros and cons of various implementation solutions for each location should be reviewed. The collection of this information, in conjunction with the physical design information already developed, will provide the basis for implementing the information system in the distributed environment. Note, however, that our discussion assumes that any required information systems infrastructure is already in place.
Local area network (LAN): The cabling, hardware, and software used to connect workstations, computers, and file servers located in a confined geographical area (typically within one building or campus).
File server: A device that manages file operations and is shared by each client PC attached to a LAN.
Client/server architecture: A LAN-based computing environment in which a central database server or engine performs all database commands sent to it from client workstations, and application programs on each client concentrate on user interface functions.
Application program interface (API): Software building blocks that are used to ensure that common system capabilities, such as user interfaces and printing,
as well as modules are standardized to facilitate data exchange between clients and servers.
Middleware: A combination of hardware, software, and communication technologies that brings data management, presentation, and analysis together into a three-tiered (or n-tiered) client/server environment.
Three-tiered client/server architecture: Advanced client/server architectures in which there are three logical and distinct
applications—data management, presentation, and analysis—that are combined to create a single information system.
Cloud computing is a utility computing model.
Utility computing: A form of on-demand computing where resources in terms of processing, data storage, or networking are rented on an as-needed basis. The organization only pays for the services used.
eXtensible Markup Language (XML): An Internet authoring language that allows designers to create customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications.
In a LAN-based system, the server and clients are like an entity. File server is just like an extra big drive of clients.
In client/server architecture, the server and clients are like a team. They have their own work to do. Server manage all the data and clients can receive data they want without receiving the whole data file.
Have a good understanding of middleware through the example of plumbing.
Hello Professor,
Here is my answer:
One thing I took away from reading MSAD chapter 12 is designing systems for LANs.
LAN supports a network of personal computers with its own storage and share common devices and software attached to the LAN. A file server is a device which manages file operations and is shared by each client PC that is attached to the LAN. It acts as an additional hard disk for each client PC.
However, there are three limitations, including excessive data movement, the need for a powerful client workstation, and decentralized data control..
1. Excessive data movement: A client-based LAN places a considerable burden on the client PC to carry out functions that have to be performed on all clients and creates a high network traffic load.
2. The need for a powerful client workstation: Each client workstation must devote memory to a full version of the DBMS, there is less room on the client PC to rapid manipulate data in hight-speed RAM.
3. Decentralized data control: The DBMS copy in each workstation must manage the shared database integrity.
Thank you
Dear professor,
Here is my answer:
1. Cloud computing is a utility computing model (i.e., organizations “renting” resources such as processing, data storage, or networking from an external provider on an as-needed basis, and pay only for what is actually used). Cloud computing thus helps to transform IT infrastructure costs from a capital expenditure to an operational expenditure.
2. Cloud Characteristics ：
On-Demand Self-Service
Rapid Elasticity
Broad Network Access
Resource Pooling
Measured Service
Service Models
Infrastructure as a Service
Platform as a Service
Software as a Service
3. Advantages：
Availability/Reliability
Scalability
Viability
Diversity of Offerings
Security, Privacy, and Compliance
Openness
Hello professor, here is my answer.
Through reading and studying I got a clearer understanding of cloud computing. Cloud computing is a utility computing mode. The features and benefits of cloud computing are significant. Firstly, to allow for most flexibility, users can access cloud resources in a buffet-style fashion on an as-needed basis without the need for lengthy negotiations with the service provider. Rapid Elasticity and Broad Network Access , they are accessible from almost anywhere and from almost any Web-enabled device. Besides, In the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) model, only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided. Due to the various benefits of cloud computing, it has gained a lot of popularity and management is considering managing this more comprehensively. In sum, Managers need to think as much as possible about how to take advantage of the opportunities offered by cloud computing while minimizing the potential drawbacks.
Dear professor, the following is my answer, please check.thanks
Designing Systems for LANs
Personal computers and workstations can be used as stand-alone systems to support
local applications. However, organizations have discovered that if data is valuable to
one employee, it is probably also valuable to other employees in the same workgroup
or in other workgroups. By interconnecting their computers, workers can exchange
information electronically and can also share devices such as printers that may be too
expensive to be utilized by only a single user.
A local area network (LAN) supports a network of personal computers, each with
its own storage; each computer is able to share common devices and software attached to the LAN. Each PC and workstation on a LAN is typically within a few hundred feet of another, with a total network cable length of less than 1 mile. Usually, at least one computer (a microcomputer or larger) is designated as a file server, on which shared databases and applications are stored. The LAN modules of a DBMS, for example, add concurrent access controls, possibly extra security features, and query or transaction queuing management to support concurrent access from multiple users of a shared database.
File Servers In a basic LAN environment (see Figure 12-3), all data manipulation
occurs at the workstations from which data are requested. One or more file servers
are attached to the LAN. A file server is a device that manages file operations and is shared by each client PC that is attached to the LAN. In a file server configuration,
each file server acts as an additional hard disk for each client PC. For example, your
PC might recognize a logical F: drive, which is actually a disk volume stored on a file
server on the LAN. Programs on your PC refer to files on this drive by the typical path specification, using this drive and any directories, as well as the file name.
Hello professor
Here is my answer:
From reading MSAD Chapter 12 I learn to distinguish between file server and client/server environments.
A local area network (LAN) supports a network of personal computers, each with its own storage; each computer is able to share common devices and software attached to the LAN. Each PC and workstation on a LAN is typically within a few hundred feet of another, with a total network cable length of less than 1 mile. Usually, at least one computer (a microcomputer or larger) is designated as a file server, on which shared databases and applications are stored.
An improvement in LAN-based systems is the client/server architecture in which application processing is divided (not necessarily evenly) between client and server. The client workstation is most often responsible for managing the user interface, including presenting data, and the database server is responsible for database storage and access, such as query processing.
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a type of distributed computing. It refers to the use of a network “cloud” to break a huge data processing program into countless small programs. The results of these small programs are then processed and analyzed by a system of multiple servers and sent back to users. In the early days of cloud computing, simply put, it was simple distributed computing, dealing with task distribution and combining results. Therefore, cloud computing is also called grid computing.
Through this technology, tens of thousands of data can be processed in a very short time (a few seconds), so as to achieve powerful network services.
At present, the cloud service is not only a kind of distributed computing, but also the result of the hybrid evolution and jump of distributed computing, utility computing, load balancing, parallel computing, network storage, hot backup and virtualization.
A cloud infrastructure, resources can be added incrementally, on an as-needed basis.
The value of cloud computing lies in its high flexibility, scalability and high sex ratio. Compared with the traditional network application mode, it has the following advantages and characteristics:
1. Virtualization technology.
It must be emphasized that virtualization breaks through the boundaries of time and space and is the most significant feature of cloud computing. Virtualization technology includes application virtualization and resource virtualization.
2. Dynamically scalable.
Cloud computing has efficient computing power. Adding cloud computing function on the basis of the original server can rapidly improve the computing speed, and finally realize the dynamic expansion of the virtualization level, so as to achieve the purpose of expanding the application.
3. Deploy on demand.
Computers contain many applications, programs and software
4. High flexibility.
At present, most IT resources, software and hardware in the market support virtualization, such as storage network, operating system and development software and hardware.
5. High reliability.
If the server fails, it will not affect the normal operation of computing and applications. Because the single point server fails, applications distributed on different physical servers can be recovered through virtualization technology, or new servers can be deployed for calculation by using dynamic expansion function.
Through the study of Chapter 12, I understand how various hardware devices work through the Internet. In addition, what interests me most is the connection between application system and network. In the system design stage, we need to add networking functions into the process of system development, so that different users can access specific systems on different devices by account and password. Most important, of course, is the IT auditor’s understanding of the requirements of the system design phase. What we IT auditors need to ensure is the availability, security and so on of the company’s systems. Therefore, whether a good system will record relevant data information when users are connected to each other and transmit data, and keep IT safely and properly, to provide useful evidence for IT auditors has become the focus of attention of IT auditors.
Chapter 12 ’Designing Distributed and Internet Systems’ introduces differences between file server and client/server environments and how each is used in a LAN.
Local area network (LAN) refers to the cabling, hardware and software used to connect workstations, computers, and file servers located in a confined geographical area (typically within one building or campus).
A file server is a device that manages file operations and is shared by each client PC that is attached to the LAN.
Client/server architecture is a LAN-based computing environment in which a central database server or engine performs all database commands sent to it from client workstations, and application programs on each client concentrate on user interface functions.
When designing Internet-based systems, standardized location naming, content translating, and document formatting is important. Two techniques wildly used to enforce system consistency are CSSs and the XSL.
There are some design issues deserved serious attention:
(1) Customer Loyalty and Trustworthiness
(2) Links Must Live Forever
(3) System Security
(4) Website Content Management
Hello, professor
Here is my answer:
The thing I took away from reading MSAD Chapter 12 is the public clouds versus private clouds.
Public clouds includes Operational expenditure, Flexible, Standardized, Fast & easy setup, Owned by service provider, Pay per use, and Elastic.
Private clouds includes Availability, Control, Privacy, Security, Increased efficiency, Capital expenditure, Owned by client, and Centralized.
From this thing, I know the scope of public clouds and private clouds.
Hi professor,
here is my answer:
By reading Chapter 12, I learned about Cloud Computing. what I knew or should have known before is the cloud storage system. Such a storage system saves space and resources. As it is depicted in the issue，cloud computing refers to the provision of applications over the Internet where customers do not have to invest in the hardware and software resources needed to run and maintain the applications, but are charged on a per-use basis. And Cloud’ characteristics conclude On-Demand Self-Service.Rapid Elasticity and Broad Network Access.Because of so many benefits and the great potential inherent in cloud computing, cloud computing will become increasingly popular. Therefore, the management of cloud computing is a matter that needs to be taken seriously. Among them, Availability/Reliability, Scalability, and Viability of the cloud computing system can be mainly targeted, where Security, Privacy, and Compliance are also the areas that need to be audited.
Technological advances such as faster processing, increasing Internet bandwidth, improving data management and processing frameworks like Hadoop and Bigtable, as well as improving methods for virtualization, have given rise to cloud computing.
Cloud computing refers to the provision of applications over the Internet where customers do not have to invest in the hardware and software resources needed to run and maintain the applications, but are charged on a per-use basis. And cloud computing is a utility computing model.
The cloud computing model has several unique and essential characteristics that distinguish cloud computing from an in-house infrastructure and provide various benefits to users. These characteristics are (1) on-demand self-service; (2) rapid elasticity; (3) broad network access; (4) resource pooling; (5) measured service; (6) service models; (7) infrastructure as a service; (8) platform as a service; (9) software as a service; (10) types of clouds.
Cloud computing has gained much popularity, especially among executives who try to harness the potential of scalability and increase the business’ agility. However, there are also various issues management should consider when moving their infrastructure to the public cloud. The first consideration is which applications, services, or data to move to the cloud. Typically, there is no single cloud computing provider that can meet all needs of most organizations. Rather, organizations often have to partner with different service providers, selecting IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS models based on the business’ needs, often combining public and private clouds; as there is not one solution that fits all, organizations have to carefully weigh the benefits and downsides of cloud computing. In addition, organizations must carefully consider which cloud services provider to choose. Some of the long-term, strategic issues that management should consider when evaluating different public cloud service providers include availability, reliability, scalability, viability, security, privacy, compliance, diversity of offerings, openness, and cost.
Advances in computing technology and the rapid evolution of mobile technologies are changing the way today s computing systems are being used. Applications are being downsized from expensive mainframes and dedicated data centers to both public and private cloud-based architectures that are much more cost effective, scalable, and manageable.
Cloud computing uses a utility computing business model, where customers can draw on a variety of computing resources that can be accessed on demand, with minimal human interaction. Typical cloud computing service models are infrastructure as a service, platform as a service, and software as a service. Cloud computing supports service-oriented architectures and the use of Web services to more easily integrate systems and deploy them on a variety of devices.
Hi professor,
here is my answer:
By reading Chapter 12, I learned about Four major activities occur within maintenance:Types of Maintenance,including obtaining maintenance requests; Transforming requests into changes; Designing changes;Implementing changes.Corrective: Repair design and programming errors;
Adaptive: Modify system to environmental changes;Perfective: Evolve system to solve new problems or take advantage of new opportunities; Preventive: Safeguard system from future problems.
Once the system tests have been satisfactorily completed, the system is ready for acceptance testing, which is testing the system in the environment where it will eventually be used. Alpha testing include the following:Recovery testing;Security testing;Stress testing; Performance testing
In the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) model, only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided. Due to the various benefits of cloud computing, it has gained a lot of popularity and management is considering managing this more comprehensively.
BR
Yidi Xu
I was impressed that one thing good about Internet-based systems that when designing Internet-based systems, standardized location naming, content translating, and document formatting enable designers to quickly craft systems because much of the complexity of the design and implementation is removed.
In a distributed system, the efficiency of the entire system is not determined by a single server, but the result of the cooperation of multiple servers. The ability of the distributed system is affected by the performance of a single server, network delay, task allocation, resource scheduling, and other factors, so in the whole system network load balancing, task scheduling is particularly important. These basic methods can be combined to form more advanced load balancing methods.
This chapter covered various issues and technologies involved in the sharing of systems and data by multiple people across space and time in distributed and Internet systems.
In general, the information that must be considered is the site, processing needs, and data information for each location (or processor) in the distributed environment. Specifically, information related to physical distances between locations, counts and usage patterns by users, building and location infrastructure issues, personnel capabilities, data usage (create, use, update, or destroy), and local organizational processes should be described. Additionally, the pros and cons of various implementation solutions for each location should be reviewed. The collection of this information, in conjunction with the physical design information already developed, will provide the basis for implementing the information system in the distributed environment. Note, however, that our discussion assumes that any required information systems infrastructure is already in place.
Local area network (LAN): The cabling, hardware, and software used to connect workstations, computers, and file servers located in a confined geographical area (typically within one building or campus).
File server: A device that manages file operations and is shared by each client PC attached to a LAN.
Client/server architecture: A LAN-based computing environment in which a central database server or engine performs all database commands sent to it from client workstations, and application programs on each client concentrate on user interface functions.
Application program interface (API): Software building blocks that are used to ensure that common system capabilities, such as user interfaces and printing,
as well as modules are standardized to facilitate data exchange between clients and servers.
Middleware: A combination of hardware, software, and communication technologies that brings data management, presentation, and analysis together into a three-tiered (or n-tiered) client/server environment.
Three-tiered client/server architecture: Advanced client/server architectures in which there are three logical and distinct
applications—data management, presentation, and analysis—that are combined to create a single information system.
Cloud computing is a utility computing model.
Utility computing: A form of on-demand computing where resources in terms of processing, data storage, or networking are rented on an as-needed basis. The organization only pays for the services used.
eXtensible Markup Language (XML): An Internet authoring language that allows designers to create customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications.