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Protection of Information Assets

Temple University

Protection of Information Assets

MIS 5206.951 ■ Summer 2026 ■ Kelly McKain-D'Andria
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Question 1

April 29, 2025 by Kelly McKain-D'Andria 28 Comments

Are employees information security risks to organizations? If so, why? If not, why not?

Filed Under: 2b: Creating a Security Aware Organization Tagged With:

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Comments

  1. Changyang Sui says

    June 10, 2025 at 11:18 pm

    Yes, employees can pose significant information security risks, primarily due to unintentional errors and lack of awareness rather than malicious intent. Here’s why:
    1. Uninformed Actions Lead to Vulnerabilities
    • Poor Security Practices:
    ◦ 21% let family/friends use work devices (McAfee, 2005).
    ◦ 51% connect personal devices to work systems, risking malware infections.
    ◦ Weak passwords, unsecured desktops (e.g., no screen locks), and mishandling sensitive data are common issues.
    • Susceptibility to Attacks:
    ◦ Employees may fall for phishing emails, download malware, or forward hoaxes, wasting resources.
    ◦ Lack of awareness about wireless network risks or file-sharing dangers (e.g., pirated software spreading malware).
    2. Insider Threats (Malicious or Negligent)
    • Non-Malicious Risks: Ignorance of policies (e.g., sharing passwords, skipping updates) creates exploitable gaps.
    • Malicious Risks: Disgruntled employees or corporate spies with system access can intentionally breach data.

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  2. Jialin Fan says

    June 15, 2025 at 3:27 am

    Yes, employees may be information security risks to organizations. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, employees may have access to sensitive information within the organization. If they are not well – trained in information security awareness, they might accidentally disclose this information, for example, by falling for phishing scams and providing login credentials. Secondly, some employees may be disgruntled or have malicious intentions. They could intentionally leak or steal information for personal gain. Thirdly, employees may use personal devices for work, which are often less secure than company – issued devices. These personal devices may not have up-to-date security software, increasing the risk of malware infections that can compromise the organization’s information.

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  3. Xinran Wu says

    June 16, 2025 at 1:17 am

    Employees pose an information security risk to the organization.
    In terms of physical control, if employees do not close the door in time, do not lock the computer terminal screen, and do not control the use of the photocopier may generate information security risks.
    In terms of technical control, if employees do not set up reasonable firewall policies, failure to deploy IDS, IPS or anti-virus software may cause information security incidents.
    In terms of administrative controls, failure to conduct audits regularly may trigger information security risks if employee access is not controlled to be minimized.

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  4. Yingyu Wang says

    June 16, 2025 at 4:08 am

    Employees are a key risk source in an organization’s information security system, primarily for the following reasons:
    Employee behavior is not fully controllable, and employees may unintentionally or carelessly cause security incidents.
    Attackers often disguise their identity or engage in physical tailgating to gain the trust of employees, thus breaching security defenses. Such risks are difficult to prevent.
    Relying solely on employee handbooks for process compliance is insufficient, and security awareness must be enforced through a Security Education, Training, and Awareness (SETA) program.

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  5. Siyu Li says

    June 16, 2025 at 10:11 am

    Yes, Employees are not inherently malicious, but their actions—whether negligent or intentional—can directly compromise an organization’s security. For example, due to individual convenience, employees lacked of information security awareness appled mobile devices to deal with their work including lots of customers’ PPI, which negligently leak these sensitive information.

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  6. Ruizhen Zhang says

    June 17, 2025 at 2:05 am

    Employees can pose information security risks to organizations.
    Many employees do not fully understand the importance of information security. For example, they might visit websites infected with malware, respond to phishing emails, store login credentials in insecure locations. Even with clear information security policies in place, employees may overlook these rules for convenience or other reasons, such as using weak passwords or handling sensitive information over public networks. These behaviors can inadvertently introduce security vulnerabilities into the organization’s network.

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  7. Jingni Li says

    June 17, 2025 at 2:10 am

    Employees can be information security risks to organizations. Here’s why:
    1. Human Error : Employees may misconfigure systems, click phishing links, or mishandle data (e.g., sending sensitive info to the wrong email). These mistakes expose organizations to breaches, as seen in cases where staff accidentally leak customer data.
    2. Lack of Awareness : Many employees don’t fully understand security policies (e.g., weak passwords, unapproved software). This leads to risky behaviors like using personal devices for work without encryption, creating vulnerabilities.
    3. Malicious Intent : A small number of employees may intentionally steal data, sabotage systems, or sell info for personal gain. Even disgruntled staff can misuse access to harm the organization.

    While most employees don’t aim to cause harm, their actions (or inactions) often create risks. However, proper training, clear policies, and monitoring can mitigate these threats.

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  8. Yufei Zhu says

    June 17, 2025 at 4:00 am

    I consider employees to be an information security risk to an organization and one of the major sources of it. In real life, information systems are protected by numerous digital ways such as firewalls and encryption. These can isolate some of the external attacks, but it is difficult to identify and stop attacks from within the organization. Because insiders are very familiar with the organization’s infrastructure, if they lack security awareness, they may inadvertently leak the organization’s data or unintentionally damage the organization’s information systems. This damage is often significant because organizations tend to be less guarded internally because of the need to keep the organization running efficiently.

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  9. Jiaxuan Ma says

    June 17, 2025 at 6:14 am

    Yes, one of the threats to information security could be internal attack since employees are already quite familiar with the infrastructure. And the non-malicious, uninformed employee could also be the vulnerabilities of an organization.

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  10. Meiyan Liu says

    June 17, 2025 at 9:35 am

    Yes, employees can be significant information security risks to organizations. There are several issues regarding employees’ information security: first, the lack of security awareness and knowledge makes employees vulnerable to threats such as phishing and malware; second, due to ignorance or carelessness, they may inadvertently violate security policies. For instance, a study shows over half of employees connect personal devices to work computers; third, insider threats exist, where even non-malicious employees may accidentally leak confidential data due to misconfigured email settings or improper file sharing.

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  11. Wenhao Liu says

    June 18, 2025 at 7:16 am

    Yes, employees can be information security risks to organizations.
    1: Employees might accidentally click on phishing links, use weak passwords, or mishandle sensitive data (like leaving laptops unlocked), which can expose the organization to breaches. For example, the Target data breach in 2013 was partly due to an employee falling for a phishing email, allowing hackers to access the network.
    2: Many employees lack proper training on security best practices.
    3: Some employees might intentionally leak data (e.g., disgruntled staff) or negligently share credentials, violating policies. For instance, sharing passwords or accessing restricted systems.

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  12. Yiwen Lou says

    June 18, 2025 at 8:42 am

    Employees can actually be a big info security risk for companies, and here’s why:
    In terms of physical security, little things matter a lot. If employees forget to close doors, don’t lock their computer screens when they step away, or leave the photocopier unsecured, that’s like leaving the front door open for trouble. Anybody could walk in and snag sensitive stuff!
    Technically speaking, if employees don’t set up firewalls properly or skip installing IDS, IPS, or antivirus software, it’s like leaving the windows wide open during a storm. Hackers can easily sneak in and cause security breaches.
    Administratively, not doing regular audits or letting employees have more access than they need is a huge red flag. It’s like giving everyone a master key to the whole building—someone might abuse that access without anyone noticing.

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  13. Xintong Zhang says

    June 18, 2025 at 9:26 am

    Employees indeed pose significant information security risks to organizations. This is primarily because many employees, though non-malicious, lack sufficient awareness and training in information security practices. For instance, they may unknowingly click on phishing links in emails, share passwords with colleagues, or connect unsecured personal devices to the company network—actions that can introduce malware or enable unauthorized access to sensitive data. Additionally, employees may mishandle sensitive information, such as leaving confidential documents unattended or improperly disposing of media containing business-critical data. Even simple oversights like failing to lock workstations or using weak passwords can compromise security. Social engineering tactics often target employees, who may fall victim to scams that trick them into revealing sensitive information or granting access.

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  14. Meiqi Yan says

    June 18, 2025 at 10:25 am

    Yes, employees can absolutely pose information security risks to organizations, though rarely out of malicious intent. The reality is that human error and lack of awareness are among the biggest vulnerabilities in cybersecurity. Similarly, employees might use weak passwords, accidentally share sensitive data, click on malicious links, or fail to follow security protocols – all of which can have devastating consequences. Even IT staff can become risks when they ignore or misjudge security alerts, as Target’s team did with their malware detection system. However, it’s important to note that employees aren’t inherently the problem – rather, it’s often inadequate training, unclear security policies, or overcomplicated systems that set them up to fail. Organizations that invest in regular, engaging security training, implement user-friendly safeguards, and foster a culture of security awareness can significantly reduce these human-factor risks. The key takeaway? While employees can be security risks, they can also become an organization’s strongest defense with the right support and education.

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  15. Liyuan Zhou says

    June 18, 2025 at 11:34 am

    Yes employees can indeed pose information security risks to companies. For example, some employees accidentally click on phishing emails, lose company computers, or use WeChat to transmit confidential files for convenience, which can create opportunities for hackers. Others deliberately sell company data to competitors or delete important files as revenge when leaving the company. Additionally, many employees lack security awareness and don’t realize the dangers of connecting to public WiFi or sharing accounts, making them easy targets for hackers posing as “bosses” or “banks” who trick them into handing over information. Statistics show that over 60% of data breaches are related to employee behavior, so this issue must be taken seriously.

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  16. Yiying Chen says

    June 18, 2025 at 12:49 pm

    Yes, it is. Because the following reasons:
    Firstly, all personal identification should be protected in enterprise’s systems, including their name, ID cards numbers, bank accounts, addresses and so on. There can be illegal transactions using personal information to those who people or institutes who want personal information to finish some business or making promotions.
    Second, there might be some professional confidential employee information required to be stored encrypted. Their competitiveness may attract other companies or people with illegal motivations to thief those information and make any further utilization. Enterprise has the obligation to protect them after they recruit those employees.
    Third, personal information protection related regulations required companies to take actions protect those information and keep the confidentiality.

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  17. Zuqi Zhang says

    June 19, 2025 at 4:28 am

    employees can definitely be information security risks to organizations. Sometimes it’s just because they don’t know the rules or make mistakes, like clicking on suspicious links or using weak passwords. Other times, it might be intentional, like someone trying to steal data. But it’s important to remember that most employees don’t mean to cause trouble. It’s just that human error or lack of awareness can lead to security problems.

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  18. Wenhao GUO says

    June 19, 2025 at 7:51 am

    Yes, employees can be significant information security risks to organizations. While organizations often rely on digital safeguards like firewalls and encryption to fend off external threats, internal risks from employees are harder to detect and mitigate. Employees, being familiar with the organization’s infrastructure and systems, may inadvertently compromise security due to insufficient awareness—for example, leaking sensitive data through careless email practices or falling victim to phishing attacks. Even non-malicious actions, such as using weak passwords or sharing access credentials, can create vulnerabilities. Moreover, intentional insider threats from disgruntled or compromised employees pose even greater risks, as they can exploit their authorized access to sabotage systems or steal data. Organizations often prioritize external defenses, leaving internal controls relatively weaker, which makes employee behavior a critical yet overlooked security gap.

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  19. Jianwei Huang says

    June 19, 2025 at 9:41 am

    Yes, employees can be information security risks to organizations. Sometimes they might accidentally click on phishing links or use weak passwords, which let hackers in. Some may not follow security rules, like sharing accounts or storing sensitive data carelessly. Even well-meaning staff can make mistakes, like sending emails to the wrong person. In rare cases, a disgruntled employee might purposely leak info. Training helps, but human error is hard to eliminate completely. Organizations need to balance trust with clear policies to minimize these risks, as employees, while essential, can inadvertently or intentionally compromise data security.

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  20. Xiaojin Liu says

    June 19, 2025 at 10:56 am

    Employees are one of the sources of risk for an organization’s information security. Many employees have little knowledge of information security and may unintentionally cause security incidents by clicking on malicious links, sharing passwords, or mishandling sensitive information. For instance, SANS reading materials mention that 21% of employees allow family members to use company devices, and 51% of employees are unsure how to update antivirus software. These behaviors can directly lead to security vulnerabilities. Employees may expose system risks by not locking workstations, using weak passwords, or neglecting physical security (such as not locking drawers).

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  21. Jiwei Yang says

    June 19, 2025 at 10:34 pm

    Yes, employees can be a source of information security risks for organizations, as evidenced by the Target data breach case. A supplier employee leaked login credentials by replying to a phishing email, opening the door for hackers to infiltrate; Target’s security team ignored FireEye’s high-severity alert and disabled automatic cleanup, allowing the malware to continue stealing data; The negligence of employee access control to suppliers has also become a breakthrough point for attacks. These mistakes were not caused by malice, but by human errors, neglect of safety protocols, and operational decision-making mistakes. The case shows that even if an organization deploys advanced security technology (such as FireEye, PCI DSS certified), if employees lack security vigilance and do not follow best practices, the system will still be exposed to risks, highlighting the key role of employees in information security.

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  22. Shouxi Mou says

    June 20, 2025 at 12:43 am

    1. Employees Can Pose Risks​​
    ​​Human Error​​: Clicking phishing links, weak passwords, or mishandling data (e.g., the HVAC vendor breach in Target’s case).
    ​​Negligence​​: Skipping backups (like the RIT Dean’s lost laptop data).
    ​​Insider Threats​​: Deliberate data theft or sabotage by disgruntled staff.
    ​​2. Employees Can Also Mitigate Risks​​
    ​​Trained Vigilance​​: Reporting suspicious emails or breaches quickly.
    ​​Policy Compliance​​: Following protocols (encryption, secure backups).
    ​​3. Key Takeaways​​
    ​​Risk Factor​​: Untrained/unsupervised employees = major vulnerability.
    ​​Solution​​: Regular training + automated safeguards (e.g., enforced backups

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  23. Yan Liu says

    June 20, 2025 at 1:06 am

    Employees pose significant information security risks as internal threats. While firewalls and encryption defend against external attacks, insider risks are harder to mitigate. Familiar with infrastructure, employees lacking security awareness may inadvertently leak data or compromise systems. Organizations often lower internal guardrails to maintain operational efficiency, amplifying these risks. Such insider-induced damage is substantial, as internal vulnerabilities are frequently underaddressed despite their potential to undermine digital safeguards.

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  24. Huiling Huang says

    June 20, 2025 at 4:10 am

    Yes, employees can be a security risk for companies. For example, sometimes they might accidentally click on a shady link or send sensitive info to the wrong person, which is like leaving the door open for hackers. Some might forget to lock their computer or leave important files lying around, making it easy for others to access data they shouldn’t. Not following simple rules—like using passwords like “123456” or sharing accounts—also creates weak spots in the company’s defenses. Though rare, a few might even steal or leak data on purpose, maybe out of anger, greed, or to help a rival company. Most people don’t mean to cause trouble, but whether by mistake or not, their actions can put the company’s info at risk. That’s why companies need to train everyone and set strict rules to prevent problems.

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  25. Rong Su says

    June 21, 2025 at 3:36 am

    Yes.
    Specifically, employee-induced information security risks primarily manifest in three dimensions: First, weak security awareness makes employees the primary entry point for phishing and malware attacks. Second, research indicates that over half of employees engage in policy violations (such as connecting personal devices to work computers), with most unintentional breaches stemming from lack of security knowledge or operational negligence. Third, even without malicious intent, misconfigured email systems or improper file-sharing practices can lead to accidental leakage of confidential data, constituting typical non-malicious insider threats. This “strong-external-but-weak-internal” security posture ultimately makes human factors the weakest link in corporate cybersecurity systems.

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  26. Xinshang Pei says

    June 21, 2025 at 12:22 pm

    Employees can indeed pose significant information security risks to organizations through multiple channels. Many staff members have legitimate access to confidential business data, but without proper cybersecurity training, they may inadvertently become the weakest link – as seen when untrained employees fall victim to sophisticated phishing attempts and compromise login credentials. More concerning are cases where disgruntled personnel deliberately misuse their access privileges to exfiltrate sensitive information for personal benefit or retaliation. Additionally, the growing trend of using personal devices for work purposes (BYOD) introduces vulnerabilities, as these typically lack enterprise-grade security controls, regular patches, and proper monitoring, making them potential entry points for malware that could spread to corporate networks. These human-factor vulnerabilities persist despite technological safeguards, requiring continuous security awareness programs and access control measures.

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  27. Gao Yujing says

    June 21, 2025 at 2:10 pm

    Are Employees Information Security Risks? Yes, They Are the Largest Risk Source​​
    ​​Key Reasons​​:

    ​​Unintentional Errors (>85% incidents)​​:
    ​​Technical Gaps​​: Clicking phishing emails (source of 95% breaches per IBM), weak passwords (e.g., “123456”), installing malware.
    ​​Process Violations​​: Uploading files to personal clouds, leaving printed sensitive documents unshredded.
    Case: Bank employee clicked “payroll update” phishing link → 100K client records leaked.
    ​​Malicious Actions (5%~10%)​​:
    ​​Data Theft​​: Sales staff stealing customer DBs before job-hopping, developers planting backdoors.
    ​​Sabotage​​: Deleting code repositories pre-resignation (e.g., GitLab 100Mlossincident).∗Data∗:Insiderattacksaverage7.55M loss (vs. $6.01M for external attacks, Ponemon).
    ​​Trust Abuse (Privileged Accounts)​​:
    Shared admin credentials (e.g., DBAs using same root password).
    Delayed access revocation (ex-employees retaining system access).
    ​​Why Inevitable?​​

    ​​Human Nature​​: Curiosity (clicking unknown links), laziness (password reuse), fear (complying with “CEO fraud” emails).
    ​​Security vs. Efficiency​​: Complex controls (e.g., multi-step auth) lead to workarounds.
    ​​Mitigation Strategies​​
    ​​Technical Controls​​:
    Deploy DLP (Data Loss Prevention), enforce MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication).
    ​​Continuous Training​​:
    Phishing simulations + live drills (≥4 times/year).
    ​​Least Privilege​​:
    Dynamic access (time-limited permissions), monitor privileged accounts.
    ​​Security Culture​​:
    Reward anonymous reporting (e.g., $500 per vulnerability found), create psychological safety (no blame for mistakes).

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  28. Yangyu Zhang says

    June 21, 2025 at 5:34 pm

    Yes, employees are significant information security risks to organizations**, but not inherently due to malice. The risk stems from a combination of human behavior, organizational failures, and threat actor tactics.

    Why Employees Are Security Risks:
    1.Unintentional Human Error
    2.Insider Threats
    3.Lack of Security Awareness
    4.Shadow IT & Workarounds
    5.Third-Party Extensions

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Questions about the Readings and Case Studies

  • 0a: Course Introduction & Webinar (1)
  • 0b: Understanding an Organization's Risk Environment (4)
  • 1a: Case Study 1 Snowfall and a stolen laptop (3)
  • 1b: Data Classification Process and Models (4)
  • 1c: Risk Evaluation (4)
  • 2a: Case Study 2 Autopsy of a Data Breach: The Target Case (4)
  • 2b: Creating a Security Aware Organization (4)
  • 2c: Physical and Environmental Security (3)
  • 3b Case Study 3 A Hospital catches the Millennium Bug (4)
  • 3c: Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery (4)
  • 4a: Team Project Instructions (1)
  • 4b: Network Security (4)
  • 4c: Cryptography Public Key Encryption and Digital Signatures (4)
  • 5a: Identity Management and Access Control (4)
  • 5b: Computer Application Security (4)

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