This paper summarizes the importance of enterprise architecture (EA) to the company. The four the first mock exam models in the enterprise architecture model are unification model, diversification model, coordination model and replication model. Their common elements are core business processes, driving the sharing of data in core processes, key links and automation technologies, and key customers. What is striking is that many companies still think that it is the responsibility of IT department to design and implement EA, which leads to the failure of EA implementation and eventually abandonment. The choice of enterprise architecture operation model should involve senior management, because the implementation of any model will have a serious impact on the organization. To change the EA model, including redesign and relearning of key business processes, the involvement of senior management and experienced IT managers is critical.
Most enterprise architecture methods are developed from IT architecture. After reading this article, I feel that enterprise architecture and IT architecture are becoming more integrated. In my opinion, The purpose of enterprise architecture is to manually/automatically optimize the cross-enterprise and often fragmented legacy processes into an integrated environment, which can respond to changes promptly and effectively support the delivery of business strategies. Besides, a good enterprise architecture allows you to strike the right balance between IT efficiency and business innovation. It allows individual business units to carry out innovative activities while pursuing competitive advantage safely. At the same time, it ensures that the organization’s need for an integrated IT strategy can be met and allows the closest possible collaboration across the entire extended enterprise.
The author discussed four different EA models in the article, suitable for other enterprises, industries, and different situations. To survive and develop, an enterprise must continuously adapt to changes in the environment and meet the various requirements that the environment puts on the organization. Therefore, the environment is a critical factor in determining what type of enterprise architecture the manager adopts.
The external environment refers to the industry characteristics, market characteristics, economic situation, government relations, and natural environment in which the enterprise is located. Environmental factors can affect the organizational structure’s design from two aspects: the environment’s complexity and stability. The external environment impacts the organization’s functional layout, hierarchical structure, department structure, and authority structure.
For instance, The more complex and changeable the environment, the more the organizational design must emphasize adaptability and strengthen non-procedural decision-making capabilities. This is why small-scale companies with simple structures are more resilient than large companies in this situation. Organizations in a highly disruptive environment need to reduce management levels, strengthen inter-departmental coordination and departmental authorization, and weaken their internal control. It is necessary to maintain a certain degree of flexibility and flexibility to make the enterprise more adaptable.
The article discusses the important of enterprise architecture and different architecture designs successful organizations built around their operating model. Enterprise architecture is ensuring an organization has the capabilities to meet its objectives. It is often mistaken with IT architecture, which ensures systems are solutioned to meet business requirements. The design of enterprise architecture begins higher up in the corporate hierarchy and often does not need non-technical people to develop. However, it is important they are consulted with because they can provide details on the customer, how certain business processes work, and what data is needed to drive those processes. This can create an understand of how an organization enables IT to meet their objectives and goals. The article reviewed four organizations enterprise architecture and the steps taken to make their vision a reality. I believe the organization’s industry and operating model can have an effect on what the end goal looks like, but there is no right or wrong answer to how an enterprise architecture should be designed as long as it is built to meet the organizations objectives.
This article highlights the importance of enterprise architecture (EA) and how this can help align business and technology initiatives throughout a company. Enterprise architecture involves the practice of analyzing, planning, designing and eventual implementing of analysis on an enterprise. The goal of enterprise architecture is to determine how an organization can effectively achieve its current and future objectives. There are four models discussed in this article which are unification, diversification, coordination, and replication. The biggest takeaway from this article for me is knowing that in many company’s EA design is managed by small IT staff whereas this process should start with the senior management debating the operating model. In creating an EA core diagram, it should be the management’s responsibility to decide what is really core to the company. Senior management should define the purpose and focus of the EA program. I think one of the other best ways is to utilize TOGAF which is an EA framework that helps define business goals and align them with architecture objectives around enterprise software development. TOGAF helps organize the development process through a systematic approach which assists in reducing errors, maintaining timelines, staying on budget, and aligning IT with business units to produce quality results.
The reading explains the importance of having an enterprise architecture in place. The enterprise architecture is used to organize logic needed for business processes and IT infrastructure that is used to reflect and standardize the requirements of the company’s operating model. The IT unit of architecture expands on four levels of architecture, business process architecture, data or information-based architecture, application-based architecture, and technology architecture.
Business process architecture is the collective activities or tasks that are used in the major business processes. It defines the company’s capabilities. What the company can do to execute its operating model while also responding to opportunities that arise in the market. Data or information architecture is based on shared data. This shared data can be used across the company’s business units, it may be customer files or even supplier/item data used for the company’s products. Application architecture addresses individual applications and their interfaces. It can be used as “middleware”, linking the application to the company’s shared data while also creating a standardized platform for the customer to access and differentiate from their competitors. Technology architecture is the infrastructure services and standards everything is built upon.
Microsoft CEO Satya NADELLA said: “in the face of digital transformation, every company is a software company.”. The real meaning of its software company is actually an information company. All companies are either in the process of information transformation or preparing for digital transformation. We usually think that IT staff or department should be responsible for designing the enterprise architecture. However, Ross points out that enterprise architecture should be designed from the senior management level. Management should identify the core when completing the core diagram of the enterprise architecture. All management personnel should participate in and make decisions for the company and choose the most suitable solution for the company. IT personnel or departments play the most important role, but every management should take part in it.
There is a difference between enterprise architecture and IT architecture. This article defines the enterprise architecture as four elements. There are business process architecture includes, data or information architecture, application architecture, and technology architecture. Architecture often represented in principles, policies, and technology choices. Core business process represent a small set of enterprise processes defines the stable set of company -wide capabilities the company needs to execute its operating model and respond to market opportunities. There are many diverse definition of business architecture, and sometimes they put the IT architecture under the business architecture, but in other times, they would separate the two concepts and design them in separate terms.
I took away details from the coordination model, which provides integrated services to all customer groups. This is achieved by pulling key data points across multiple business units to present something familiar to the customer. Large financial services institutions have adopted this model for that reason. The EA core diagram contains a company’s integration emphasis then will pivot to shared data. There are more processes in the coordination operating model but because most are unique, it is less important to show them on the core diagram.
This paper discusses how to implement Enterprise Architecture (EA) in different organizational models. These models include EA in a unification model, diversification model, coordination model, and replication model. In a unification model, the business processes and technology processes work together to serve their customer base. Diversification models in organizations is the opposite of the unification model, where every business within the organization runs separately to achieve the overall goal of the company. Coordination is a relative middle-ground between unification and diversification, where each business works independently, but will share key data between the different business to mutually benefit one another. In a replication model, common key processes used by all businesses in an organization are standardized, which allows rapid expansion and scaling of the business. Different organizations will have different structures that work better for their businesses, and should be discussed and planned at length in advance to end with the best result.
For this article, I liked the summary of the four common elements of an enterprise architecture (EA). First you have to identify the core processes of the organization. These are the essential parts of the company which need to be protected in order to function appropriately. You also have to ID the data which drives those processes. This data needs to be protected. The data is typically provided from a third party. It is shared between you and them and must be protected for the organization to be trusted. Next, the organization has to manage the software which is used to provide the access to the data. The organization has to make sure this software is able to provide the protection necessary to perform those business processes with the data. The last element of the EA is the key customers. The key customers need to be identified and protected. They have to have confidence the organization is able to protect them, as well as the rest of the EA. These core components of an EA are found throughout most, if no, all organizations.
This article discussed the importance of business architecture. As companies grow over time and acquire smaller companies, they in turn acquire the responsibility of managing the existing IT services of these smaller companies. Many times resulting in legacy systems that may not operate well with each other. This is where the importance of architecture comes into play. The larger company must be able to scale as they acquire more services. There must be a sound enterprise architecture that outlines standardization across the entirety of the business and the technology initiatives. This is done by identifying four common elements. Core business processes which define a stable set of company-wide capabilities the company needs to execute its operating model. Shared data driving core processes which involves data of customer files or master supplier item data. Key linking and automation technologies which include “middleware” Middleware enables integration of applications and access to shared data across the environment. The final element is key customers. These show the major customer groups responsible for driving revenue for the company.
The article illustrates distinguishing between enterprise architecture and IT architecture. In short, enterprise architecture includes both business and IT architecture, and establishes a connection between the two. Traditionally, business problems have been solved by IT solutions, so the business architecture is split and supported by IT architecture. In fact, IT is also possible to solve IT problems with business solutions, such as by reorganizing the organization to support the introduction of new technologies. Enterprise Architecture (EA). It refers to the general solution to the systematic and universal problems in enterprise and enterprise information management systems. More specifically, it is based on the business-oriented and driven architecture to understand, analyze, design, build, integrate, extend, operate and manage information systems. The key to the integration of complex systems is the integration based on architecture (or system) rather than the integration based on components (or components). Effective enterprise architecture plays a decisive role in the survival and success of enterprises and is an indispensable means for enterprises to gain competitive advantage through IT.
This article describes the enterprise architecture core diagrams that bring value by communicating the high-level business process and the Information Technology requirements of a company’s operating model. I really like the way it described the different types of operating models and Enterprise architecture. My favourite model I took from this reading is the Enterprise Architecture for the Unification Model. The unification operating model works well for organizations as it requires both integration and standardization of the business processes to serve all key customers and stakeholders. This model works well as it allows ease in linking newer technologies, features and data sources. It also works well with automating different processes if need ever arises. The IT leaders can establish clear future vision and adapt to the unification model and achieve desired and visioned development in business processes. In this model the linking technologies are surrounded by the organizational data that links to subtechnologies for different business processes and serves all different customers types. This allows sub technologies to develop and potentially become automated technologies in the chain that work with the respective business process.
This article reviews the different types of architectures that company could use based on its business model, data, stakeholders and system requirements. It reviews the core diagrams used to facilitate the understanding of the integration to the business stakeholders–Unification, Diversification, Coordination, and Replication models. The decisionmakers should be from both sides of the spectrum–Senior management representing the vision and the business processes and the IT executives. While each can lead the discussion and have success in designing a core diagram it takes both sides business and IT to develop a core diagram that envisions “significant business change. Management must develop a simplified vision of the complexity of their organization. Including too many processes or offering too much detail hinders the core diagram as its main goal is to give an overall picture of key processes and technologies around them.
This reading shows us what and how the significances of enterprise architecture are for implementing the operational model. The key point I want to mention how the enterprise architecture helps the companies sustained and steady growth. We always said that IT strategy aligns with business strategy, and IT strategy should support the business to achieve its goal. According to the article, Ross, Weill, and Robertson describe that the key elements of enterprise architecture is the set of standardized processes and shared data built on its single instance of an ERP system. When the organizations build their enterprise architecture, they must thoroughly understand their operating models, so that they will be able to obtain the critical components of enterprise architecture to improve their operation. As the article mention the elements in enterprise architecture core diagrams, these elements will help the organization where it should focus on implementing the tasks. For example, it is very important to understand who the key customers are for the organizations. The organization will put the most resources for its major customers and keep them in an important place. Use this diagram helps the organization to get a better sense of their operating model.
This reading mainly discuss how to make enterprise architecture a powerful management tool for aligning business and technology initiatives throughout a company. Corporate should focus on Enterprise architecture because it is the organizational logic of business processes and reflects the requirements of an integrated and standardized IT infrastructure business model. And the keys to effective enterprise architecture could make operational models from visual to realistic interfaces. There are four common elements in enterprise architecture, 1. Core business processes. 2. Shared data driving core processes. 3. Key linking and automation technologies. 4. Key customers.
The article mainly describes the importance of building an enterprise architecture to the company. Enterprise architecture is the organizating logic for business processes and IT infrastructure reflecting the integration and standardization requirements of the company’s operating model.
In enterprise architecture core diagrams, we can observe four common elements: Core business processes, Shared data driving core processes, Key linking and automation technologies, and Key customers. And these elements are usually based on the company’s operating model. So in the process of establishing the enterprise architecture, management must decide what is really core to the company, and company will populate an enterprise architecture core diagram on this foundation.
I found the various operating models interesting including cases showing where real companies had used each model and the thought pattern that each company had toward why the model worked best for their organization. The four models are unification, diversification, coordination and replication. Unification relies heavily on process standardization, shared data, automation, shared technology and shared client types creating a streamlining of core processes to a single model. Diversification is the opposite of unification and is used in situations where a company’s different business lines can only share technical infrastructure and IT applications. The coordination model focuses on shared data with local level unique processes and the replication model standardizes business processes and technical infrastructure but allows local data. It is interesting to see how companies can choose very different operating models to fit their needs and that of their customers.
This paper summarizes the importance of enterprise architecture (EA) to the company. The four the first mock exam models in the enterprise architecture model are unification model, diversification model, coordination model and replication model. Their common elements are core business processes, driving the sharing of data in core processes, key links and automation technologies, and key customers. What is striking is that many companies still think that it is the responsibility of IT department to design and implement EA, which leads to the failure of EA implementation and eventually abandonment. The choice of enterprise architecture operation model should involve senior management, because the implementation of any model will have a serious impact on the organization. To change the EA model, including redesign and relearning of key business processes, the involvement of senior management and experienced IT managers is critical.
Most enterprise architecture methods are developed from IT architecture. After reading this article, I feel that enterprise architecture and IT architecture are becoming more integrated. In my opinion, The purpose of enterprise architecture is to manually/automatically optimize the cross-enterprise and often fragmented legacy processes into an integrated environment, which can respond to changes promptly and effectively support the delivery of business strategies. Besides, a good enterprise architecture allows you to strike the right balance between IT efficiency and business innovation. It allows individual business units to carry out innovative activities while pursuing competitive advantage safely. At the same time, it ensures that the organization’s need for an integrated IT strategy can be met and allows the closest possible collaboration across the entire extended enterprise.
The author discussed four different EA models in the article, suitable for other enterprises, industries, and different situations. To survive and develop, an enterprise must continuously adapt to changes in the environment and meet the various requirements that the environment puts on the organization. Therefore, the environment is a critical factor in determining what type of enterprise architecture the manager adopts.
The external environment refers to the industry characteristics, market characteristics, economic situation, government relations, and natural environment in which the enterprise is located. Environmental factors can affect the organizational structure’s design from two aspects: the environment’s complexity and stability. The external environment impacts the organization’s functional layout, hierarchical structure, department structure, and authority structure.
For instance, The more complex and changeable the environment, the more the organizational design must emphasize adaptability and strengthen non-procedural decision-making capabilities. This is why small-scale companies with simple structures are more resilient than large companies in this situation. Organizations in a highly disruptive environment need to reduce management levels, strengthen inter-departmental coordination and departmental authorization, and weaken their internal control. It is necessary to maintain a certain degree of flexibility and flexibility to make the enterprise more adaptable.
The article discusses the important of enterprise architecture and different architecture designs successful organizations built around their operating model. Enterprise architecture is ensuring an organization has the capabilities to meet its objectives. It is often mistaken with IT architecture, which ensures systems are solutioned to meet business requirements. The design of enterprise architecture begins higher up in the corporate hierarchy and often does not need non-technical people to develop. However, it is important they are consulted with because they can provide details on the customer, how certain business processes work, and what data is needed to drive those processes. This can create an understand of how an organization enables IT to meet their objectives and goals. The article reviewed four organizations enterprise architecture and the steps taken to make their vision a reality. I believe the organization’s industry and operating model can have an effect on what the end goal looks like, but there is no right or wrong answer to how an enterprise architecture should be designed as long as it is built to meet the organizations objectives.
This article highlights the importance of enterprise architecture (EA) and how this can help align business and technology initiatives throughout a company. Enterprise architecture involves the practice of analyzing, planning, designing and eventual implementing of analysis on an enterprise. The goal of enterprise architecture is to determine how an organization can effectively achieve its current and future objectives. There are four models discussed in this article which are unification, diversification, coordination, and replication. The biggest takeaway from this article for me is knowing that in many company’s EA design is managed by small IT staff whereas this process should start with the senior management debating the operating model. In creating an EA core diagram, it should be the management’s responsibility to decide what is really core to the company. Senior management should define the purpose and focus of the EA program. I think one of the other best ways is to utilize TOGAF which is an EA framework that helps define business goals and align them with architecture objectives around enterprise software development. TOGAF helps organize the development process through a systematic approach which assists in reducing errors, maintaining timelines, staying on budget, and aligning IT with business units to produce quality results.
The reading explains the importance of having an enterprise architecture in place. The enterprise architecture is used to organize logic needed for business processes and IT infrastructure that is used to reflect and standardize the requirements of the company’s operating model. The IT unit of architecture expands on four levels of architecture, business process architecture, data or information-based architecture, application-based architecture, and technology architecture.
Business process architecture is the collective activities or tasks that are used in the major business processes. It defines the company’s capabilities. What the company can do to execute its operating model while also responding to opportunities that arise in the market. Data or information architecture is based on shared data. This shared data can be used across the company’s business units, it may be customer files or even supplier/item data used for the company’s products. Application architecture addresses individual applications and their interfaces. It can be used as “middleware”, linking the application to the company’s shared data while also creating a standardized platform for the customer to access and differentiate from their competitors. Technology architecture is the infrastructure services and standards everything is built upon.
Microsoft CEO Satya NADELLA said: “in the face of digital transformation, every company is a software company.”. The real meaning of its software company is actually an information company. All companies are either in the process of information transformation or preparing for digital transformation. We usually think that IT staff or department should be responsible for designing the enterprise architecture. However, Ross points out that enterprise architecture should be designed from the senior management level. Management should identify the core when completing the core diagram of the enterprise architecture. All management personnel should participate in and make decisions for the company and choose the most suitable solution for the company. IT personnel or departments play the most important role, but every management should take part in it.
There is a difference between enterprise architecture and IT architecture. This article defines the enterprise architecture as four elements. There are business process architecture includes, data or information architecture, application architecture, and technology architecture. Architecture often represented in principles, policies, and technology choices. Core business process represent a small set of enterprise processes defines the stable set of company -wide capabilities the company needs to execute its operating model and respond to market opportunities. There are many diverse definition of business architecture, and sometimes they put the IT architecture under the business architecture, but in other times, they would separate the two concepts and design them in separate terms.
I took away details from the coordination model, which provides integrated services to all customer groups. This is achieved by pulling key data points across multiple business units to present something familiar to the customer. Large financial services institutions have adopted this model for that reason. The EA core diagram contains a company’s integration emphasis then will pivot to shared data. There are more processes in the coordination operating model but because most are unique, it is less important to show them on the core diagram.
This paper discusses how to implement Enterprise Architecture (EA) in different organizational models. These models include EA in a unification model, diversification model, coordination model, and replication model. In a unification model, the business processes and technology processes work together to serve their customer base. Diversification models in organizations is the opposite of the unification model, where every business within the organization runs separately to achieve the overall goal of the company. Coordination is a relative middle-ground between unification and diversification, where each business works independently, but will share key data between the different business to mutually benefit one another. In a replication model, common key processes used by all businesses in an organization are standardized, which allows rapid expansion and scaling of the business. Different organizations will have different structures that work better for their businesses, and should be discussed and planned at length in advance to end with the best result.
For this article, I liked the summary of the four common elements of an enterprise architecture (EA). First you have to identify the core processes of the organization. These are the essential parts of the company which need to be protected in order to function appropriately. You also have to ID the data which drives those processes. This data needs to be protected. The data is typically provided from a third party. It is shared between you and them and must be protected for the organization to be trusted. Next, the organization has to manage the software which is used to provide the access to the data. The organization has to make sure this software is able to provide the protection necessary to perform those business processes with the data. The last element of the EA is the key customers. The key customers need to be identified and protected. They have to have confidence the organization is able to protect them, as well as the rest of the EA. These core components of an EA are found throughout most, if no, all organizations.
This article discussed the importance of business architecture. As companies grow over time and acquire smaller companies, they in turn acquire the responsibility of managing the existing IT services of these smaller companies. Many times resulting in legacy systems that may not operate well with each other. This is where the importance of architecture comes into play. The larger company must be able to scale as they acquire more services. There must be a sound enterprise architecture that outlines standardization across the entirety of the business and the technology initiatives. This is done by identifying four common elements. Core business processes which define a stable set of company-wide capabilities the company needs to execute its operating model. Shared data driving core processes which involves data of customer files or master supplier item data. Key linking and automation technologies which include “middleware” Middleware enables integration of applications and access to shared data across the environment. The final element is key customers. These show the major customer groups responsible for driving revenue for the company.
The article illustrates distinguishing between enterprise architecture and IT architecture. In short, enterprise architecture includes both business and IT architecture, and establishes a connection between the two. Traditionally, business problems have been solved by IT solutions, so the business architecture is split and supported by IT architecture. In fact, IT is also possible to solve IT problems with business solutions, such as by reorganizing the organization to support the introduction of new technologies. Enterprise Architecture (EA). It refers to the general solution to the systematic and universal problems in enterprise and enterprise information management systems. More specifically, it is based on the business-oriented and driven architecture to understand, analyze, design, build, integrate, extend, operate and manage information systems. The key to the integration of complex systems is the integration based on architecture (or system) rather than the integration based on components (or components). Effective enterprise architecture plays a decisive role in the survival and success of enterprises and is an indispensable means for enterprises to gain competitive advantage through IT.
This article describes the enterprise architecture core diagrams that bring value by communicating the high-level business process and the Information Technology requirements of a company’s operating model. I really like the way it described the different types of operating models and Enterprise architecture. My favourite model I took from this reading is the Enterprise Architecture for the Unification Model. The unification operating model works well for organizations as it requires both integration and standardization of the business processes to serve all key customers and stakeholders. This model works well as it allows ease in linking newer technologies, features and data sources. It also works well with automating different processes if need ever arises. The IT leaders can establish clear future vision and adapt to the unification model and achieve desired and visioned development in business processes. In this model the linking technologies are surrounded by the organizational data that links to subtechnologies for different business processes and serves all different customers types. This allows sub technologies to develop and potentially become automated technologies in the chain that work with the respective business process.
This article reviews the different types of architectures that company could use based on its business model, data, stakeholders and system requirements. It reviews the core diagrams used to facilitate the understanding of the integration to the business stakeholders–Unification, Diversification, Coordination, and Replication models. The decisionmakers should be from both sides of the spectrum–Senior management representing the vision and the business processes and the IT executives. While each can lead the discussion and have success in designing a core diagram it takes both sides business and IT to develop a core diagram that envisions “significant business change. Management must develop a simplified vision of the complexity of their organization. Including too many processes or offering too much detail hinders the core diagram as its main goal is to give an overall picture of key processes and technologies around them.
This reading shows us what and how the significances of enterprise architecture are for implementing the operational model. The key point I want to mention how the enterprise architecture helps the companies sustained and steady growth. We always said that IT strategy aligns with business strategy, and IT strategy should support the business to achieve its goal. According to the article, Ross, Weill, and Robertson describe that the key elements of enterprise architecture is the set of standardized processes and shared data built on its single instance of an ERP system. When the organizations build their enterprise architecture, they must thoroughly understand their operating models, so that they will be able to obtain the critical components of enterprise architecture to improve their operation. As the article mention the elements in enterprise architecture core diagrams, these elements will help the organization where it should focus on implementing the tasks. For example, it is very important to understand who the key customers are for the organizations. The organization will put the most resources for its major customers and keep them in an important place. Use this diagram helps the organization to get a better sense of their operating model.
This reading mainly discuss how to make enterprise architecture a powerful management tool for aligning business and technology initiatives throughout a company. Corporate should focus on Enterprise architecture because it is the organizational logic of business processes and reflects the requirements of an integrated and standardized IT infrastructure business model. And the keys to effective enterprise architecture could make operational models from visual to realistic interfaces. There are four common elements in enterprise architecture, 1. Core business processes. 2. Shared data driving core processes. 3. Key linking and automation technologies. 4. Key customers.
The article mainly describes the importance of building an enterprise architecture to the company. Enterprise architecture is the organizating logic for business processes and IT infrastructure reflecting the integration and standardization requirements of the company’s operating model.
In enterprise architecture core diagrams, we can observe four common elements: Core business processes, Shared data driving core processes, Key linking and automation technologies, and Key customers. And these elements are usually based on the company’s operating model. So in the process of establishing the enterprise architecture, management must decide what is really core to the company, and company will populate an enterprise architecture core diagram on this foundation.
HBR – Implementing Op Model via Enterprise Arch
I found the various operating models interesting including cases showing where real companies had used each model and the thought pattern that each company had toward why the model worked best for their organization. The four models are unification, diversification, coordination and replication. Unification relies heavily on process standardization, shared data, automation, shared technology and shared client types creating a streamlining of core processes to a single model. Diversification is the opposite of unification and is used in situations where a company’s different business lines can only share technical infrastructure and IT applications. The coordination model focuses on shared data with local level unique processes and the replication model standardizes business processes and technical infrastructure but allows local data. It is interesting to see how companies can choose very different operating models to fit their needs and that of their customers.