Any device that has an IP address is a host. The process of protecting a host from attack is known as host hardening, and the hardening is done by taking regular backups of the host. In a long and complex set of actions, it is easy to overlook something.
Therefore, the company uses a standard security baseline – a specific set of actions to harden all specific types of hosts. Different versions of different models are hardened in different ways, and different network services are needed to customize the baseline, so it is easy to say that it would be wrong to extinguish a standard. Virtualization has some points in helping to harden hosts it allows system administrators to create a single security baseline for each server (or remote client) in the organization, and subsequent backups of the security baseline are quick, it also reduces public expense by shutting down physical servers that are not in use, and increases fault tolerance and availability.
Boyle and Panko defines the elements of host hardening as back up host regularly, restrict physical access, install operating system with secure configuration options, minimize the number of applications running services on the server, harden the applications running on the host, download and install patches for OS vulnerabilities, manage users and groups, manage access permissions for users and groups, encrypt data if appropriate, add a host firewall, read OS logs regularly to detect anomalies and run vulnerability tests regularly. These elements, while addressed in the other reading are handled a little differently. This chapter goes into many of the aspects the involve host hardening such as patch management. This is often over looked because many times patches can have adverse affects on older servers or legacy software that is running on that server. Many times system admins will choose to ignore important patches that disrupt legacy software and hope that the infrastructures defense in depth will mitigate any vulnerabilities. Other times, smaller organizations that don’t have a staff experienced enough to be aware of the current cyber security risks in the wild will leave servers unpatched and exposed to the internet.
The process of protecting a host against attacks is called host hardening.
these protections are the following:
-Back up the host regularly
-Restrict physical access to the host.
-Install the operating system with secure configuration options.
-Minimize the number of applications and operating system services
The process of protecting the host from attack is called host reinforcement, which is a series of protection measures that have little in common with each other.
• back up the host regularly.
• restrict physical access to the host.
• install an operating system with security configuration options.
• strengthen all remaining applications on the host
• download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
• manage users and groups (add, change, delete, etc.)
• securely manage access to users and groups
• encrypt data as appropriate
• add host firewall
The process of protecting a host against attacks is called host hardening, which includes the following measures;
back up the host regularly.
restrict physical access to the host.
install an operating system with security configuration options.
strengthen all remaining applications on the host
download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
manage users and groups (add, change, delete, etc.)
securely manage access to users and groups
encrypt data as appropriate
add host firewall
Chapter 7 talks about how to harden host. First, companies should have a clear mind that due to the development of IT technology, a host is any device with
an IP address, especially mobile phones or ipad. Because an attacker may use a compromised mobile phone to circumvent firewalls and all other defenses. Then i learned that hardening is not a single protection but rather a number of protections, so companies need to implement a centralized PC security management, including the use of standard configurations, network access control , and Windows group policy objects. Also, following a security baseline for the typical version of the operating system and saving images of well-tested hosts and download these disk images to other computers are good practices in the real world. But companies still have to pay a lot of attentions to vulnerabilities and fixes (especially patches). they need to download、test and install them in time due to security polices in companies. If a company owns too many hosts, patch management servers can help it to automate some of the work of
finding patches and pushing these patches out to servers that require them.
This chapter describes host hardening which is the process of protecting a host against attacks. Hardening is not a single protection but rather a number of protections that often have little in common with each other. Among these protections, the most important is backup. It’s not just the first one to focus on, but it was repeated three times in the summary study figure. Without this, nothing else matters. This may mean that backup is the basis for some host hardening measures. Backup is critical to protect the loss of working data and documents that will have to be re-created.
Although firewalls stop most Internet-based attacks, they will never stop them all. Consequently, protecting individual servers and other hosts is critical. The term host includes servers, clients, routers, firewalls, smartphones, and a variety of IoT devices. Sometimes, firms adopt standard security baselines—set of specific actions to be taken to harden all hosts of a particular type (Windows, macOS, Linux, etc.) and of particular versions within each type (Windows 7, Windows 10, Windows Server 2019, etc. Virtulization allows systems administrators to create a single secu- rity baseline for each server (or remote client) within the organization. Attackers like to focus their efforts on servers because they contain valuable data, are a critical part of corporate information systems, and provide an excellent platform from which they can launch additional attacks. We then learned about the advantages and disadvantages of the different operating systems.
The process of protecting a host against attacks is called host hardening. Hardening is not a single protection but rather a number of protections that often have little in common with each other. Among these protections are the following:
Back up the host regularly.
Restrict physical access to the host.
Install the operating system with secure configuration options.
Minimize the number of applications and operating system services
Harden all remaining applications on the host.
Download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities.
Manage users and groups (additions, changes, deletions, etc.)
Manage access permissions for users and groups securely.
Encrypt data if appropriate.
Add a host firewall.
Read operating system logs regularly to look for suspicious activities.
Run vulnerability tests against the system regularly to identify security weaknesses
An important takeaway from this chapter is an understanding of the different ways to fix a vulnerability along with the problems posed by patching a system. The least effective way of fixing a vulnerability is a work-around, where a system administrator must manually changed the settings on the host to prevent the vulnerability from being exploited. A vendor may publish a patch for its vulnerability, which is a piece of software that will overwrite the program with new code fixing the problem. A vendor may also publish service packs, or major collections of patches bundled together to fix multiple vulnerabilities at once. Finally, software version upgrades are published periodically, representing a wholesale change of the software which typically provides a variety of security improvements
The host is the last line of defense for thwarting attacks. A host is any device with an IP address, and it is important to harden all hosts.y. If attackers can take over an application, they usually can execute
commands with the permission of the compromised application—often super user privileges. Application hardening is perhaps the most crucial aspect of host hardening today.
A poor rights management system will inevitably leave system loopholes for hackers to take advantage of. Many software can easily obtain unauthorized data through URL hacking, SQL injection, etc. Even modify or delete system data, causing huge losses. Permission management generally refers to the security rules or security policies set by the system. Users can access and can only access the resources authorized by themselves, no more or less. Rights management appears in almost any system, as long as the system has users and passwords. Many people often confuse concepts such as “user authentication”, “password encryption”, and “system management” with the concept of rights management.
1. System hardening
Lock a debugged system into a trusted system.
In a trusted system, illegal programs and scripts cannot run. And it will not affect the data in and out.
This trusted system is secure even if the system has vulnerabilities or even loss of administrator privileges.
2. Program reinforcement
The trusted signature is used to implement real-time hash verification for the startup of executable programs and scripts. The verification does not pass the rejection of startup, and trusted programs cannot be disguised.
3. File reinforcement
Protects files of the specified type from tampering.
4, disk encryption
Create a security sandbox, isolate the sandbox, and encrypt the data in the sandbox to ensure that the data can be decrypted only when the authorization management is effective. Without authorization, even administrators cannot copy and use this data, and even system clones are ineffective.
5. Database hardening (structured data)
Layer 1: Database files are forbidden to be accessed and tampered with by strange programs. Ensure database file level security.
Layer 2: Database port access trust filtering, only allows service programs to communicate with the database port connection, in the connection string OF IP+ port + account password, add process identification.
The third layer: database connection SQL text for intelligent filtering, to prevent key data from being retrieved and accessed, to prevent data in the database from being accessed illegally, to prevent dangerous operation behavior of database forms.
The host is the last line of defense for thwarting attacks. A host is any device with an IP address, and it is important to harden all hosts. This is especially true for servers, routers, and firewalls, but it is also true for client PCs and even mobile phones. An attacker can use a compromised client PC to circumvent firewalls and all other defenses. Hardening is a large set of diverse protections that should be applied to reduce risks if the host is attacked. Given the complexity of host hardening, it is important to follow a security baseline for the particular version of the operating system the host is running, although it is also possible to save images of well-tested hosts and then download these disk images to other computers.
The process of protecting a host from attack is called host hardening and includes the following measures:
Back up the host regularly.
Restrict physical access to the host.
Install an operating system with security configuration options.
Strengthen all remaining applications on the host
Download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
Manage users and groups (add, change, delete, etc.)
Securely manage access to users and groups
Encrypt data as appropriate
Add host firewal
Read operating system logs regularly to look for suspicious activities.
Run vulnerability tests against the system regularly to identify security weaknesses
This chapter covers many aspects related to host hardening, such as patch management. This is often overlooked because many times patches can adversely affect an old server or old software running on that server. System administrators and inexperienced employees choose to ignore critical patches that break legacy software or are left unpatched and exposed to the Internet at a disadvantage.
This chapter goes into many of the aspects the involve host hardening such as patch management. This is often over looked because many times patches can have adverse affects on older servers or legacy software that is running on that server. Many schools, enterprises and businesses have organization wide policy with mandatory anti virus installation requirements.
This chapter introduced the concept of host hardening and started by defining a host as anything with an IP address. It explained several concepts used for hardening, which can help to protect against attacks, including backups, physical controls, secure configurations, minimizing unnecessary applications and services, patch and vulnerability management, and managing users, groups, and permissions. In my view, one of the important sections is vulnerabilities and patches. It is necessary to fix the before zero-day attacks. If not, the hacker will quickly develop exploits within a short period like one to two days or even within hours. Organizations have to make sure that when they patch that it fully mitigates the vulnerability. Patches is a small program for the system administrator to fix a particular vulnerability. It is easier to install and download. Service packs are a combination of functional improvement and vulnerability fixes. System administrators must stay up-to-date with the latest vulnerabilities and corresponding patches for any applications and operating systems used by the organization’s systems.
The process of protecting a host against attacks is called host hardening, which includes the following measures;
1.back up the host regularly.
2.restrict physical access to the host.
3.install an operating system with security configuration options.
4.strengthen all remaining applications on the host
5.download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
6.manage users and groups (add, change, delete, etc.)
7.securely manage access to users and groups
8.encrypt data as appropriate
9.add host firewall
The process of protecting a host from attack is called host hardening, and any device with an IP address is a host. Boyle and Panko define the elements of host hardening as regularly backing up the host, limiting physical access, installing an operating system with security configuration options, minimizing the number of applications running services on the server, hardening the applications running on the host, downloading and installing patches for operating system vulnerabilities, managing users and groups, managing user and group access rights, encrypting data when appropriate, adding host firewalls, regularly reading operating system logs to detect anomalies and running regular vulnerability tests. Backups are the foundation of some host hardening measures. Backups are critical to protect against the loss of working data and documents that must be recreated.
In this chapter the key point is Host hardening.
Host hardening protections are the following:
1. Back up the host regularly, restrict physical access to the host, Install the operating system with secure configuration options.
2. Minimize the number of applications and operating system services, Harden all remaining applications on the host, Download, and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities.
3. additions, changes or deletions users and groups, manage access permissions for users and groups securely, Read operating system logs regularly to look for suspicious activities.
4. Encrypt data if appropriate, Add a host firewall, Run vulnerability tests against the system regularly to identify security weaknesses that were not caught in the normal course of installation or operation.
The process of protecting hosts from attacks is called host hardening, which includes the following measures.
Back up the host on a regular basis.
Restrict physical access to the host.
Install the operating system with security configuration options.
Strengthen all remaining applications on the host.
Download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities.
Manage users and groups (add, change, delete, delete, etc.).
Security management for users and groups.
Access to properly encrypted data.
Add host firewall
This chapter describes host hardening which is the process of protecting a host against attacks. Hardening is not a single protection but rather a number of protections that often have little in common with each other. Among these protections, the most important is backup. It’s not just the first one to focus on, but it was repeated three times in the summary study figure. Without this, nothing else matters. This may mean that backup is the basis for some host hardening measures. Backup is critical to protect the loss of working data and documents that will have to be re-created.
According to this chapter, it gave a lot of information about host hardening, and I understood that what is a host, the host is the final line for preventing an information system from thwarting attacks. In addition, implementing host hardening should do the following measures:
1) back up the host regularly
2) restrict physical access to the host
3)install the operating system with security configuration options
4)strengthen all of remaining applications on the host
5)download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
6)manage users and groups
7)securely manage access to users and groups
8)encrypt proper data
9)add host firewall
Boyle and panko defined the elements of host hardening as regularly backing up the host, limiting physical access, installing the operating system with security configuration options, minimizing the number of applications running services on the server, strengthening the applications running on the host, downloading and installing operating system vulnerability patches, managing users and groups, and managing the access rights of users and groups, Encrypt data when appropriate, add host firewall, read operating system logs regularly to detect exceptions, and run vulnerability tests regularly. These are the main reinforcement measures.
After reading Chapter 7 Host Hardening, I know that the host is the last line of defense for thwarting attacks. A host is any device with an IP address, and it is important to harden all hosts. This is especially true for serv- ers, routers, and firewalls, but it is also true for client PCs and even mobile phones. An attacker can use a compromised client PC to circumvent firewalls and all other defenses. Hardening is a large set of diverse protections that should be applied to reduce risks if the host is attacked. Given the complexity of host hardening, it is important to follow a security baseline for the particular version of the operating sys- tem the host is running, although it is also possible to save images of well-tested hosts and then download these disk images to other computers.
Weiwei Zhao says
Any device that has an IP address is a host. The process of protecting a host from attack is known as host hardening, and the hardening is done by taking regular backups of the host. In a long and complex set of actions, it is easy to overlook something.
Therefore, the company uses a standard security baseline – a specific set of actions to harden all specific types of hosts. Different versions of different models are hardened in different ways, and different network services are needed to customize the baseline, so it is easy to say that it would be wrong to extinguish a standard. Virtualization has some points in helping to harden hosts it allows system administrators to create a single security baseline for each server (or remote client) in the organization, and subsequent backups of the security baseline are quick, it also reduces public expense by shutting down physical servers that are not in use, and increases fault tolerance and availability.
Xiaomeng Chen says
Boyle and Panko defines the elements of host hardening as back up host regularly, restrict physical access, install operating system with secure configuration options, minimize the number of applications running services on the server, harden the applications running on the host, download and install patches for OS vulnerabilities, manage users and groups, manage access permissions for users and groups, encrypt data if appropriate, add a host firewall, read OS logs regularly to detect anomalies and run vulnerability tests regularly. These elements, while addressed in the other reading are handled a little differently. This chapter goes into many of the aspects the involve host hardening such as patch management. This is often over looked because many times patches can have adverse affects on older servers or legacy software that is running on that server. Many times system admins will choose to ignore important patches that disrupt legacy software and hope that the infrastructures defense in depth will mitigate any vulnerabilities. Other times, smaller organizations that don’t have a staff experienced enough to be aware of the current cyber security risks in the wild will leave servers unpatched and exposed to the internet.
Zhiyuan Lian says
The process of protecting a host against attacks is called host hardening.
these protections are the following:
-Back up the host regularly
-Restrict physical access to the host.
-Install the operating system with secure configuration options.
-Minimize the number of applications and operating system services
Lisheng Lin says
The process of protecting the host from attack is called host reinforcement, which is a series of protection measures that have little in common with each other.
• back up the host regularly.
• restrict physical access to the host.
• install an operating system with security configuration options.
• strengthen all remaining applications on the host
• download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
• manage users and groups (add, change, delete, etc.)
• securely manage access to users and groups
• encrypt data as appropriate
• add host firewall
Chang Cui says
The process of protecting a host against attacks is called host hardening, which includes the following measures;
back up the host regularly.
restrict physical access to the host.
install an operating system with security configuration options.
strengthen all remaining applications on the host
download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
manage users and groups (add, change, delete, etc.)
securely manage access to users and groups
encrypt data as appropriate
add host firewall
Yongheng Luo says
Chapter 7 talks about how to harden host. First, companies should have a clear mind that due to the development of IT technology, a host is any device with
an IP address, especially mobile phones or ipad. Because an attacker may use a compromised mobile phone to circumvent firewalls and all other defenses. Then i learned that hardening is not a single protection but rather a number of protections, so companies need to implement a centralized PC security management, including the use of standard configurations, network access control , and Windows group policy objects. Also, following a security baseline for the typical version of the operating system and saving images of well-tested hosts and download these disk images to other computers are good practices in the real world. But companies still have to pay a lot of attentions to vulnerabilities and fixes (especially patches). they need to download、test and install them in time due to security polices in companies. If a company owns too many hosts, patch management servers can help it to automate some of the work of
finding patches and pushing these patches out to servers that require them.
Tianyu Zhang says
This chapter describes host hardening which is the process of protecting a host against attacks. Hardening is not a single protection but rather a number of protections that often have little in common with each other. Among these protections, the most important is backup. It’s not just the first one to focus on, but it was repeated three times in the summary study figure. Without this, nothing else matters. This may mean that backup is the basis for some host hardening measures. Backup is critical to protect the loss of working data and documents that will have to be re-created.
Xinyu Dai says
Although firewalls stop most Internet-based attacks, they will never stop them all. Consequently, protecting individual servers and other hosts is critical. The term host includes servers, clients, routers, firewalls, smartphones, and a variety of IoT devices. Sometimes, firms adopt standard security baselines—set of specific actions to be taken to harden all hosts of a particular type (Windows, macOS, Linux, etc.) and of particular versions within each type (Windows 7, Windows 10, Windows Server 2019, etc. Virtulization allows systems administrators to create a single secu- rity baseline for each server (or remote client) within the organization. Attackers like to focus their efforts on servers because they contain valuable data, are a critical part of corporate information systems, and provide an excellent platform from which they can launch additional attacks. We then learned about the advantages and disadvantages of the different operating systems.
Yuting Yang says
The process of protecting a host against attacks is called host hardening. Hardening is not a single protection but rather a number of protections that often have little in common with each other. Among these protections are the following:
Back up the host regularly.
Restrict physical access to the host.
Install the operating system with secure configuration options.
Minimize the number of applications and operating system services
Harden all remaining applications on the host.
Download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities.
Manage users and groups (additions, changes, deletions, etc.)
Manage access permissions for users and groups securely.
Encrypt data if appropriate.
Add a host firewall.
Read operating system logs regularly to look for suspicious activities.
Run vulnerability tests against the system regularly to identify security weaknesses
Zijie Yuan says
An important takeaway from this chapter is an understanding of the different ways to fix a vulnerability along with the problems posed by patching a system. The least effective way of fixing a vulnerability is a work-around, where a system administrator must manually changed the settings on the host to prevent the vulnerability from being exploited. A vendor may publish a patch for its vulnerability, which is a piece of software that will overwrite the program with new code fixing the problem. A vendor may also publish service packs, or major collections of patches bundled together to fix multiple vulnerabilities at once. Finally, software version upgrades are published periodically, representing a wholesale change of the software which typically provides a variety of security improvements
Yue Ma says
The host is the last line of defense for thwarting attacks. A host is any device with an IP address, and it is important to harden all hosts.y. If attackers can take over an application, they usually can execute
commands with the permission of the compromised application—often super user privileges. Application hardening is perhaps the most crucial aspect of host hardening today.
Yu Hu says
A poor rights management system will inevitably leave system loopholes for hackers to take advantage of. Many software can easily obtain unauthorized data through URL hacking, SQL injection, etc. Even modify or delete system data, causing huge losses. Permission management generally refers to the security rules or security policies set by the system. Users can access and can only access the resources authorized by themselves, no more or less. Rights management appears in almost any system, as long as the system has users and passwords. Many people often confuse concepts such as “user authentication”, “password encryption”, and “system management” with the concept of rights management.
Shengjie Zhang says
1. System hardening
Lock a debugged system into a trusted system.
In a trusted system, illegal programs and scripts cannot run. And it will not affect the data in and out.
This trusted system is secure even if the system has vulnerabilities or even loss of administrator privileges.
2. Program reinforcement
The trusted signature is used to implement real-time hash verification for the startup of executable programs and scripts. The verification does not pass the rejection of startup, and trusted programs cannot be disguised.
3. File reinforcement
Protects files of the specified type from tampering.
4, disk encryption
Create a security sandbox, isolate the sandbox, and encrypt the data in the sandbox to ensure that the data can be decrypted only when the authorization management is effective. Without authorization, even administrators cannot copy and use this data, and even system clones are ineffective.
5. Database hardening (structured data)
Layer 1: Database files are forbidden to be accessed and tampered with by strange programs. Ensure database file level security.
Layer 2: Database port access trust filtering, only allows service programs to communicate with the database port connection, in the connection string OF IP+ port + account password, add process identification.
The third layer: database connection SQL text for intelligent filtering, to prevent key data from being retrieved and accessed, to prevent data in the database from being accessed illegally, to prevent dangerous operation behavior of database forms.
Yiqiong Zhang says
The host is the last line of defense for thwarting attacks. A host is any device with an IP address, and it is important to harden all hosts. This is especially true for servers, routers, and firewalls, but it is also true for client PCs and even mobile phones. An attacker can use a compromised client PC to circumvent firewalls and all other defenses. Hardening is a large set of diverse protections that should be applied to reduce risks if the host is attacked. Given the complexity of host hardening, it is important to follow a security baseline for the particular version of the operating system the host is running, although it is also possible to save images of well-tested hosts and then download these disk images to other computers.
Shengyuan Yu says
The process of protecting a host from attack is called host hardening and includes the following measures:
Back up the host regularly.
Restrict physical access to the host.
Install an operating system with security configuration options.
Strengthen all remaining applications on the host
Download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
Manage users and groups (add, change, delete, etc.)
Securely manage access to users and groups
Encrypt data as appropriate
Add host firewal
Read operating system logs regularly to look for suspicious activities.
Run vulnerability tests against the system regularly to identify security weaknesses
Lei Tian says
This chapter covers many aspects related to host hardening, such as patch management. This is often overlooked because many times patches can adversely affect an old server or old software running on that server. System administrators and inexperienced employees choose to ignore critical patches that break legacy software or are left unpatched and exposed to the Internet at a disadvantage.
Xiaohan Chen says
This chapter goes into many of the aspects the involve host hardening such as patch management. This is often over looked because many times patches can have adverse affects on older servers or legacy software that is running on that server. Many schools, enterprises and businesses have organization wide policy with mandatory anti virus installation requirements.
Xuemeng Li says
This chapter introduced the concept of host hardening and started by defining a host as anything with an IP address. It explained several concepts used for hardening, which can help to protect against attacks, including backups, physical controls, secure configurations, minimizing unnecessary applications and services, patch and vulnerability management, and managing users, groups, and permissions. In my view, one of the important sections is vulnerabilities and patches. It is necessary to fix the before zero-day attacks. If not, the hacker will quickly develop exploits within a short period like one to two days or even within hours. Organizations have to make sure that when they patch that it fully mitigates the vulnerability. Patches is a small program for the system administrator to fix a particular vulnerability. It is easier to install and download. Service packs are a combination of functional improvement and vulnerability fixes. System administrators must stay up-to-date with the latest vulnerabilities and corresponding patches for any applications and operating systems used by the organization’s systems.
Haoyu Bai says
The process of protecting a host against attacks is called host hardening, which includes the following measures;
1.back up the host regularly.
2.restrict physical access to the host.
3.install an operating system with security configuration options.
4.strengthen all remaining applications on the host
5.download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
6.manage users and groups (add, change, delete, etc.)
7.securely manage access to users and groups
8.encrypt data as appropriate
9.add host firewall
Yalin Zou says
The process of protecting a host from attack is called host hardening, and any device with an IP address is a host. Boyle and Panko define the elements of host hardening as regularly backing up the host, limiting physical access, installing an operating system with security configuration options, minimizing the number of applications running services on the server, hardening the applications running on the host, downloading and installing patches for operating system vulnerabilities, managing users and groups, managing user and group access rights, encrypting data when appropriate, adding host firewalls, regularly reading operating system logs to detect anomalies and running regular vulnerability tests. Backups are the foundation of some host hardening measures. Backups are critical to protect against the loss of working data and documents that must be recreated.
Yijing Zhan says
In this chapter the key point is Host hardening.
Host hardening protections are the following:
1. Back up the host regularly, restrict physical access to the host, Install the operating system with secure configuration options.
2. Minimize the number of applications and operating system services, Harden all remaining applications on the host, Download, and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities.
3. additions, changes or deletions users and groups, manage access permissions for users and groups securely, Read operating system logs regularly to look for suspicious activities.
4. Encrypt data if appropriate, Add a host firewall, Run vulnerability tests against the system regularly to identify security weaknesses that were not caught in the normal course of installation or operation.
Ziqiao Wang says
The process of protecting hosts from attacks is called host hardening, which includes the following measures.
Back up the host on a regular basis.
Restrict physical access to the host.
Install the operating system with security configuration options.
Strengthen all remaining applications on the host.
Download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities.
Manage users and groups (add, change, delete, delete, etc.).
Security management for users and groups.
Access to properly encrypted data.
Add host firewall
Yujia Hu says
This chapter describes host hardening which is the process of protecting a host against attacks. Hardening is not a single protection but rather a number of protections that often have little in common with each other. Among these protections, the most important is backup. It’s not just the first one to focus on, but it was repeated three times in the summary study figure. Without this, nothing else matters. This may mean that backup is the basis for some host hardening measures. Backup is critical to protect the loss of working data and documents that will have to be re-created.
Yutong Sun says
According to this chapter, it gave a lot of information about host hardening, and I understood that what is a host, the host is the final line for preventing an information system from thwarting attacks. In addition, implementing host hardening should do the following measures:
1) back up the host regularly
2) restrict physical access to the host
3)install the operating system with security configuration options
4)strengthen all of remaining applications on the host
5)download and install patches for known operating system vulnerabilities
6)manage users and groups
7)securely manage access to users and groups
8)encrypt proper data
9)add host firewall
Hang Zhao says
Boyle and panko defined the elements of host hardening as regularly backing up the host, limiting physical access, installing the operating system with security configuration options, minimizing the number of applications running services on the server, strengthening the applications running on the host, downloading and installing operating system vulnerability patches, managing users and groups, and managing the access rights of users and groups, Encrypt data when appropriate, add host firewall, read operating system logs regularly to detect exceptions, and run vulnerability tests regularly. These are the main reinforcement measures.
Dacheng Xu says
The process of protecting the host from attack is called host hardening.
These protection measures are as follows:
-Regularly back up the host
-Restrict physical access to the host.
-Install an operating system with security configuration options.
-Minimize the number of applications and operating system services
Ying Cheng says
After reading Chapter 7 Host Hardening, I know that the host is the last line of defense for thwarting attacks. A host is any device with an IP address, and it is important to harden all hosts. This is especially true for serv- ers, routers, and firewalls, but it is also true for client PCs and even mobile phones. An attacker can use a compromised client PC to circumvent firewalls and all other defenses. Hardening is a large set of diverse protections that should be applied to reduce risks if the host is attacked. Given the complexity of host hardening, it is important to follow a security baseline for the particular version of the operating sys- tem the host is running, although it is also possible to save images of well-tested hosts and then download these disk images to other computers.