Digital Systems

Department of Management Information Systems, Temple University

Digital Systems

MIS 2101.730 ■ Spring 2023 ■ Steven E. Sclarow, AIA

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Discussion 3b Big Data & Descriptive and Predictive Analytics

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Hello everyone,

Many businesses use two different types of data analytics within their company/organization to keep track of different things, these two data analytics are descriptive and predictive analytics. Descriptive analytics is data from the past. This type of analysis is going to tell us what has already happened. While analyzing this type of data we will be able to see different trends and relationships that occurred before. This can show us how and what a company/organization did to ensure the success of their business. Next, we have predictive analytics. Predictive analytics is a statistical algorithm that makes predictions about future trends. This can give insight into how different services change in the future. Predictive analytics can be a very useful tool for businesses when trying to gain an advantage in a competitive market or increase assets within their organizations.

 

One thing we must ask ourselves is where descriptive and predictive analytics get their data from? The answer is big data. Big Data can be described with the 4 v’s. The first is volume which accounts for data, it’s important to remember that this has to be a huge amount to be considered big data. Our second V to look at is velocity, this is the speed at which new data is changing, these are the rates of change and transmission. The third V is variety, it’s important that big data includes many different types of data, for example structured data, and unstructured data. Finally, veracity, this refers to the accuracy of the data that’s being collected, it’s important that it is truthful. These make up what big data is, which is then used by descriptive and predictive analytics collection.

Discussion 3a ERP & CRM

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Hello everyone,

I want to talk a little bit about ERP’s, CRM’s, and Legacy systems and how they are all vital to any successful business/organization. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a software system that integrates different functional areas within a business/organization. ERP allows for people in different departments to have and update information that can alter decisions made within other departments. An example of this would be sales and inventory, it’s important for inventory to stay up to date so that people in sales do not over-sell or undersell their products. Having up to date information can help a company run smoothly and efficiently. Legacy systems on the other hand are multiple systems within each department of a company or organization. This can cause issues with information accuracy, when multiple systems are inputting information at different rates it’s hard to tell how much is current and how much is outdated. This is especially important for managing customer relationships, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is the management of customer relationships. This process ensures that all data from interactions with customers and potential customers are stored, and tracked for better customer retention. ERP and CRM are both application databases that are used to store, manage, and track data.

ERP vs CRM

This chart represents how ERP and CRM can be represented within a business/organization, they both have important information and jobs that help keep business/organizations running smoothly.

Javascript as a skillset (5b Question)

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Having multiple skill sets is a big differentiator between you and others but I feel like now more than ever having Javascript as a skillset if you’re majoring in a computer-related major is very essential. One of the biggest reasons why you should have Javascript as a skillset is that it is a very versatile language that can be used for multiple things. This enables you to be flexible with your career and also expand your job search. Another reason is Javascript is in a very high demand and it’s growing. Having that as a skill set makes you as a job candidate more marketable and increases your chance to find a job. This also applies to finding an internship. One last reason is that lot of companies requires you to know Javascript if you’re in their developing team. There is also a lot of growth potential. The language is continually evolving and new tools are being added so you’re learning new stuff.

The brain behind Javascript (5a questions)

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Brendan Eich is the person who created Javascript in 1995. He made it while working as an engineer at Netspace Communication Corporation. He was assigned to create a scripting language for the company web browser. The first version of the Javascript was released in September 1995 with Netspace Navigator 2.0. It was originally called Mocha and later renamed to LiveScript, then again changed to Javascript, which is still used. It instantly becomes a big hit among web developers because of the ease of use and the ability to create interactive web pages. Now it is supported by most web browsers and is one of the most widely used programming languages. It allows developers to manipulate HTML and CSS to create dynamic content that responds to user inputs. It also enables them to build complex functionality such as animations, validation, and responsive design. You can also build web applications for clients and servers using javascript through platforms such as Node.js.

 

The inventor of the Turing Test (4b questions)

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Alan Turing was a British mathematician, computer scientist, logician, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. He is widely considered to be the Father of Modern Computer Science. He is also credited for reducing world war two by two years and saving millions of innocent lives when during the war, he worked as a codebreaker at Bletchley Park and helped crack the German Enigma code. He continued to work in the field of computer science after the war ended. He is also widely recognized for the invention of the Turing Test in his famous 1950 paper “Computer Machinery and Intelligence” named after him. He proposed in the paper a test that essentially could determine if a machine could exhibit intelligence that is identical to a human. Unfortunately, Alan Turing died by suicide on June 7, 1954, in the UK. The suicide resulted from his persecution for homosexuality which at the time was a criminal offense in the UK. He was forced to go through chemical castration.

JavaScript is event-driven. 7A

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HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the coding language used to add design elements to a web page. HTML is a markup language used to create webpages. It is the foundation of any website, providing structure and semantic meaning to the content of the page. HTML allows web designers to create pages, which are then interpreted by web browsers and displayed to users. HTML includes tags that define how the content of a web page should be displayed. These tags can include information such as text, images, and hyperlinks. Additionally, HTML includes elements that define how webpages should be structured and formatted, including the layout, navigation, and other design elements. Also CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is the coding language used to add design elements to a web page. 

Event-driven programming is a style of programming in which the flow of a program is determined by events. It is a type of programming used in JavaScript that allows code to respond to user interactions like clicks, mouse movements, and key presses. JavaScript is event-driven because it responds to user input by firing off specified events which prompt functions to be executed. This allows JavaScript to constantly monitor user input and provide an interactive experience.

Hyper Text Markup Language and JavaScript. 7A

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HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)is the coding language used to add structure to a web page. It defines the structure and layout of a web page by using a variety of tags and attributes.

HTML consists of tags that are used to define the structure of web pages, such as headings, paragraphs, hyperlinks, images, and other html elements. HTML tags tell the web browser how to display the content of a web page. HTML also provides ways to create web forms and structure data for easy access and organization.

JavaScript is the most common coding language used to add functionality to web pages.

It is most commonly used as part of web browsers in order to provide enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. It is an interpreted programming language with object-oriented capabilities. JavaScript is often used for applications such as game development and video-streaming apps.          

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Why do we use Loops? 6B

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Loops are used to automate repetitive tasks and to iterate over collections of data, such as lists and dictionaries. They help to reduce the amount of code needed to perform complex operations, making code more concise and efficient.

We use a for loop when we want the code to run a specific number of times.

We would use a while loop when we don’t know the specific number of times. A while loop will continue running until a certain condition is met, while a for loop requires an initial setup, including the number of iterations that will run.

  1. The initialization: This is where the counter variable (or loop variable) is initialized.
  2. The condition: This is a boolean expression that determines whether or not the loop should continue to run.
  3. The increment/decrement: This section defines how the counter variable will change after each iteration of the loop.

If & Else in Javascript

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An if/else statement in Javascript is used to run a code if the condition is either true or false. These statements allow you to integrate more complex situations within your code. If the condition is true then a certain block of code will be executed as an output. If the condition is false then the “else” part of the condition will execute a differing statement. 

In this example, the if/else statement is being used. It is stating that if the number that is inputed is less then 5, the function will execute the phrase “tiny”. If that condition is not true for the number inputed and it is greater than 5 but less than 10, the phrase “small” will be executed. So in simple words if the “if” condition is true then it will execute the statement regarding it being true. If it false, it will move on to the next “else if” statement and if it is true there, it will execute that statement, and so on and so forth until it finds a condition that lies true for that inputed number. 

Nan stands for “is not a number”. IsNan will return true if the value that was inputed is not a number (Nan). The purpose of IsNan is to test if the number that was inputed is the value Nan, meaning it is not a number.

Boolean expressions are used to compare certain variables. These expressions always return true or false as the output. These operators allow for the exclusion and inclusion of certain variables within the code. Listed below are the operators often used in Javascript:

This example shows that the outputs of each example are either true or false, based on the boolean expression used in the code. In the first example, x=5, and the expression states that x > 10, which is false, so the code executes “false”. 

If/Else Statement. 6A

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If/else statements are used to control the flow of a program by allowing decisions to be made about how the program should proceed based on certain conditions. They allow sections of code to execute only if certain conditions are met and can provide different paths to take depending on the outcome. They are widely used in programming to create complex and powerful decision-making capabilities.

Basic syntax of if/else if statements:

if (condition) {

// code to execute if condition is TRUE

} else if (condition) {

// code to execute if condition is TRUE

} else {

// code to execute if all other conditions are FALSE

}

The purpose of isNaN() is to check if a value is not a number. It will return true if the value is not a number, and false if the value is a number.

When using &&, conditions must both be true in order to evaluate to true. When using ||, only one of the conditions needs to be true in order to evaluate to true.

If statements are a type of conditional statement in programming that are used to determine whether a given statement is true or false. If the statement is true, then a set of instructions will be executed; however, if the statement is false, then a different set of instructions will be executed.

Else-if statements are used when you need to check multiple conditions, and they are organized in a sequence of if-else blocks. The else-if block only executes if all preceding if and else-if blocks fail.

Else statements are used as the default option when all other conditions fail.