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JavaScript is an event-driven as it brings together multiple events occurring at the same time in order to simplify the program. JavaScript will continue to look for events to run over and over until it cannot anymore. For instance, during a while loop JavaScript will continue to run, or respond to the event, over and over until the while loop meets a condition. JavaScript reacts to the event of the while loop for as long as the loop remains true. With if/else statements, JavaScript will look to react if certain conditions are met, but if they are not, JavaScript will look to find an alternative reaction to run for the statement. JavaScript will react to the events in the order that the code is written and laid out. JavaScript will also react to more coding aspects such as links, mathematical operators, boolean values, and so much more in order to create an interactive page. In the end, JavaScript will continue to look for more events to react to until there are simply no more left to touch. This event-driven program will go to work in order to bring programs to life for the user.

When browsing the Internet and various webpages in the past, I had never really thought of how they are constructed or how many aspects go into each and every page. However, it is vastly more complex as a whole than just words and pictures. Multiple languages are used in order to bring the page to life through HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, brings structure to webpages. The code within HTML causes the webpage to look a certain way and give it the “structure” provided. For instance, heading tags structure titles onto the page and even can be ordered in importance which then lowers the font size. HTML also uses various elements such as lists, links, images, and even just basic text in order to add to the structure. While HTML adds structure, CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, adds design elements to the webpage. CSS helps to add color, font, layouts, and more to webpages. CSS provides the visual aspects to webpages and gives webpages the presentation as we see it. In the end, JavaScript provides the functionality to each webpage. JavaScript can make webpages behave in various ways in association to the user’s actions. JavaScript brings the page to life as it modifies the HTML and CSS coding to update an user’s interface. Overall, each coding language is used together in order to create one unique webpage for an user to interact with.

If you were writing code and wanted to repeat a certain code without writing it out over and over again, what would help you with that? This is where the loop comes in. To simple it down, a loop is just a set of instructions repeating until a certain condition is reached. Loops are great in executing code over and over and saving time for the coder that now does not have to rewrite the code. There are multiple different versions of the loop, there is the for loop, while loop, and the do while loop. A for loop consists of 3 parts, the keyword starting the loop, the condition being tested, and the end keyword terminating the loop. When an user wants to run a loop that will continue to operate until a condition is true, a while loop would be perfect. A do while loop is similar to a while loop, instead here a condition will run first, then the condition will be checked if true. A while loop will always check if the condition is true before running but a do while loop will run the condition the first time, then it will check if the condition is true, Loops all around are a great way for programmers to save time and make their code look cleaner and run more efficiently.

If/else statements are used to run code on dependent on a condition being true or false. The condition in an if/else statement is nested within the parentheses of the function. As the condition is passed, it will be decided whether it is true or false. If the condition is true, the code will execute one way, however, if the condition is false, the code will execute a different way. The if statement is used for a true condition, while else is used for the false condition. An example of an if/else statement could be written as
if (x == 5) {
alert(“This number is equal to 5”);
} else {
alert(“This number is not equal to 5”);
} .
With this example, the user would input a number to take the spot of x, if that number is 5 the condition will be true and the if statement will run. If it does not equal 5, the else statement will run. The use of isNaN is to identify whether or not the value used is an illegal number or not. If/else statements can be more complex by using && and II operators. The && operator means that the condition is true is when both the first and second expression of the statement are both true and the II operator is true when either the first or the second expression evaluate to true in the condition.

When operating in JavaScript, an user might use a function. A function is a way they can organize their code to make it easier to create, maintain, and reuse. When using functions, they must have a name, the function must be passed through zero or more pieces of information, and the function returns a value. To keep functions efficient and less confusing, users might want to avoid repeating code over and over again unless needed. A simple function could look as basic as
function HelloWorld() {
alert(“HelloWorld”);
}
As you can see, a function must begin with the function keyword, then you have the function name (HelloWorld in this case) followed by parentheses, then the code in the function runs when the function is called. Calling a function just means that you write the function name followed by the parentheses again, but this time outside the initial function. Function arguments are when a function call will contain data that is passed into the function. A quick example would be function sum(num1, num2) {
alert( num1 + num2); }
sum(4, 5);
This function call would have the number 9 appear as the function arguments are added together. Return keywords can also be used to send back data to whatever initially started the function. When the function meets the return keyword, it will stop doing everything at that point and no code after return will run.

One way to simplify code in JavaScript is with the use of variables. Variables in JavaScript are storage spaces that hold values and will display those values when the variable is called. The let keyword initiates the use of a variable. While var is an older keyword for using variables, JavaScript would still recognize the use both of var and let when using variables. To use variables, you would start by implementing the let keyword followed by a name for the variable. For instance, a variable could look like let myName. In the example I just gave, the variable has only been declared since it does not contain a value. However, if I wanted to initialize the variable, I could give it a value such as let myName = “Aidan”; Here, the variable as been initialized as it now holds a value. If I wanted to call the variable I would just print alert(myName), which would display the text of “Aidan”. When using variables, there are some rules, or guidelines, to follow. The variable can be any length as long as one character is used, the variable can start with a letter, underscore, or even the $ character, but it cannot start with a number. After the first character, a variable ca of any combination of letters, underscores, numbers, and $ characters. Finally, spaces are not allowed within variables. Arithmetic operators can be used within JavaScript with some operators such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%). These operators help perform mathematical equations with variables. When using these operators, PEMDAS is applied in terms of the order of operations within JavaScript.

A major issue today in technology is cybersecurity and protection one’s information. Unfortunately as technology advances, more ways to invade and breach it is discovered. One of these ways is threat modeling. Threat modeling is one of the most important components of staying secure online as it is the process of identifying ways to stay secure on the Internet. Prevalent questions when protecting your information could include: What do you want to protect? Who do you want to protect it from? How likely is it that you need to protect it? How bad are the consequences if you fail? and How much trouble are you willing to go through in order to try to prevent those consequences? By answering these questions, people can figure out solutions to protect them and find a threat model that works. One great method to protect yourself online is Two-Factor Authorization (2FA), which would be an extra step to logging in such as an email or text message after typing in your password on a certain website. Another method gaining popularity today is using a VPN. A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a service that helps users stay private when browsing online. VPNs are great for protecting information when traveling to other networks outside of your home. Alan Turing was a computer scientist and helped crack the code for the Allies during WWII. His creation during WWII influenced the idea of the computer. The Turing Test, named after Turing, is the method of determining whether or not a machine, or AI can demonstrate human intelligence. If AI can engage in conversation with humans without being detected as AI, then it has demonstrated human intelligence.

The network effect is the indirect value goods and services gain as people use them more and more. Some prime examples of this are Facebook, Uber, DoorDash, Snapchat, and more. Facebook helped to begin the social media craze as it sparked the creation of multiple platforms used today. Uber and DoorDash also both influenced other companies to start with “rideshare” services such as Lyft and food delivery services such as GrubHub. Cloud Computing is the on-demand access to computing resources such as servers and data through the internet rather than in-person. Some pros of cloud computing include better collaboration as it is over a shared network rather than local, The cost is also at a minimum as the long-term cost is less and less server maintenance is needed, finally using cloud computing is fairly simple and easy as it can be used anywhere. Some cons however include a higher risk of breach as security is harder to maintain over a larger shared network, privacy goes along with this as keeping privacy is very difficult on a shared network, finally data can be compromised easier due to human errors and cyber attacks. Saas, or Software as a Service, is a service that utilizes the internet to delivery applications to its users. A majority of Saas applications are run directly through browsers. Paas, or Platform as a Service, is a service that delivers a framework for developers to build upon and create custom applications. IaaS, or Infrastructure a a Service, is a service that is made of highly scalable and automated compute resources. It allows businesses to purchase resources on-demand and as-needed rather than buying services upfront.